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Effectiveness of Play-Based Nursing Interventions on Hand Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Quasi-Experimental Study
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Traditional nursing interventions for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) often lack active engagement and show limited improvement in motor function. Play interventions involving manipulative activities may better support motor skill development. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of structured play-based nursing interventions on hand motor skills in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control group was used. The study was conducted at the Paediatric Welfare Hospital in Baghdad from November 25, 2024, to February 13, 2025. A non-probability sample of 79 children was identified based on the study criteria; of these, 64 children met the eligibility criteria and agreed to participate. While all children continued routine care, only intervention groups received play-based therapy using clay, beads, and sand. The Box and Block Test (BBT) was used to assess hand function before and after the intervention. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 0.27) with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in hand function compared to the control group (ANOVA: F = 8.11, p = 0.001, η² = 0.29), reflecting a medium-to-large effect size. Analysis across time points showed that at post-test 1, the effect size was medium (η² = 0.17), whereas at post-test 2, it increased to medium-to-large (η² = 0.29). Post-hoc comparisons indicated that the clay intervention produced the largest gains in Box and Block Test scores (Cohen’s d = 0.65, medium effect), while sand therapy resulted in moderate improvements and bead therapy showed smaller gains. Overall, the percentage improvement in hand function ranged from 18% to 27% across intervention groups. Conclusion: Nursing interventions incorporating play activities are effective in improving hand function in children with cerebral palsy. These methods are child-friendly, supporting the development of motor skills and promoting greater independence. However, no follow-up assessments were conducted to evaluate the long-term sustainability of improvements. Future studies should include follow-up evaluations to confirm lasting benefits.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Civil Engineering Journal
Structural Behavior of High Strength Laced Reinforced Concrete One Way Slab Exposed to Fire Flame
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In this study, an experimental investigation had conducted for six high strength laced reinforced concrete one-way slabs to discover the behavior of laced structural members after being exposed to fire flame (high temperature). Self-compacted concrete (SCC) had used to achieve easy casting and high strength concrete. All the adopted specimens were identical in their compressive strength of ( , geometric layout 2000 750 150 mm and reinforcement specifics except those of lacing steel content, three ratios of laced steel reinforcement of (0.0021, 0.0040 and 0.0060) were adopted. Three specimens were fired with a steady state temperature of  for two hours duration and then after the specimens were cooled suddenly by spraying water. The

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2007
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
An investigation into the performance of counter rotating floating ring journal under different working conditions
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The steady state performance of the counter rotating floating ring Journal bearing is analyzed with isothermal finite bearing theory. The effect of different parameters affecting the performance of the bearing (namely speed ratio, clearance ratio and radii ratio), have been investigated. The load carrying capacity of the bearing increasing with decreasing the radii ratio (R2/R1) of the ring and clearance ratio (c1/c2), in the other hand, the coefficient of friction increases with increasing the clearance and radii ratios, while decreases with incre4asing the bearing to journal speed ratio (γ). It is shown during this work that different operating conditions are greatly enhanced the performance

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Simulation and Modeling of Detailed Load flow Analysis for the 400kVA and 132kVA Iraqi Grid
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A load flow program is developed using MATLAB and based on the Newton–Raphson method,which shows very fast and efficient rate of convergence as well as computationally the proposed method is very efficient and it requires less computer memory through the use of sparsing method and other methods in programming to accelerate the run speed to be near the real time.
The designed program computes the voltage magnitudes and phase angles at each bus of the network under steady–state operating conditions. It also computes the power flow and power losses for all equipment, including transformers and transmission lines taking into consideration the effects of off–nominal, tap and phase shift transformers, generators, shunt capacitors, sh

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, And Pathology
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: An Iraqi experience of 16 consecutive cases followed up for up ten years
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal For Light And Electron Optics
Optical properties of Ag-doped nickel oxide thin films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition technique
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In this work, pure and Ag-doped nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates with different dopant concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt.%) by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) technique at room temperature. These films were annealed at temperature of 450 °C. The structural and optical properties of the prepared thin films were studied. It was found that annealing process has lead to increase the transmittance of the deposited films. Also, the transmittance was found to increase with doping concentration of silver in the deposited NiO films. The optical energy gap was decreased from 3.5 to 3.2 eV as the doping concentration was increased to 0.4 %.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Matec Web Of Conferences
Assessing the performance of commercial Agisoft PhotoScan software to deliver reliable data for accurate3D modelling
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3D models delivered from digital photogrammetric techniques have massively increased and developed to meet the requirements of many applications. The reliability of these models is basically dependent on the data processing cycle and the adopted tool solution in addition to data quality. Agisoft PhotoScan is a professional image-based 3D modelling software, which seeks to create orderly, precise n 3D content from fixed images. It works with arbitrary images those qualified in both controlled and uncontrolled conditions. Following the recommendations of many users all around the globe, Agisoft PhotoScan, has become an important source to generate precise 3D data for different applications. How reliable is this data for accurate 3D mo

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
Materials Science In Semiconductor Processing
Synthesis and annealing process of ultra-large SnS nanosheets for FTO/SnS/CdS/Pt photocathode
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SnS has been widely used in photoelectric devices due to its special band gap of 1.2-1.5 eV. Here, we reported on the fabrication of SnS nanosheets and the effect of synthesis condition together with heat treatment on its physical properties. The obtained band gap of the SnS nanosheets is in the rage of 1.37-1.41 eV. It was found that the photo-current density of a thin film comprised of SnS nanosheets could be enhanced significantly by annealing treatment. The maximum photo-current density of the stack structure of FTO/SnS/CdS/Pt was high as 389.5 mu A cm(-2), rendering its potential application in high efficiency solar hydrogen production.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 13 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Measuring of Specific Bone Alkaline phosphatase ( BAP ) Bone Remodeling biomarker for Post-COVID Iraqi Patient
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Background: There are several diseases in the body following recovery from COVID-19 infection because this virus operates on human genes in various types of peripheral tissue in the human body. It penetrates host cells via Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors and may have effects on bone remodeling, leading to osteopenia or osteoporosis, which are characterized by low bone mineral density, resulting in diminished bone strength. Bone Alkaline Phpsphatase is an enzyme released into the bloodstream as a soluble homodimer after being cleaved by a phospholipase and can be utilized as a biomarker of bone development. Objective: This research was designed to investigate the alteration of bone homeostasis balance in Iraqi post-COVID-19

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2025
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
Optimized stress-strain modeling of eco-friendly fiber-reinforced concrete members using meta-heuristic algorithms
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Eco-friendly concrete is produced using the waste of many industries. It reduces the fears concerning energy utilization, raw materials, and mass-produced cost of common concrete. Several stress-strain models documented in the literature can be utilized to estimate the ultimate strength of concrete components reinforced with fibers. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data on how non-metallic fibers, such as polypropylene (PP), affect the properties of concrete, especially eco-friendly concrete. This study presents a novel approach to modeling the stress-strain behavior of eco-friendly polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC) using meta-heuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) employing 26 PFRC various mixtures. The cement was partia

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Materials Research Bulletin
Fabrication of CdSe nanoparticles sensitized TiO 2 nanotube arrays via pulse electrodeposition for photoelectrochemical application
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