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The Concept of Contract Duration
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Time is an essential element of contracts، as there is an independent in many parts of each contract، but the time dimension has a significant impact on the provisions of all contracts and is not limited to a particular range of contracts، and French and Arab jurists alike have called for this dimension to be given special attention، and as a result the French legislator has introduced the term duration of the contract، to try to limit the temporal elements، to clarify their provisions and to distinguish between them in decree131/2 016، but for our Arab country it did not receive the appropriate answer. The problem of duration in contracts relates to the lack of clarity of the idea، and then to confuse the various time terms in the contracts، and to focus on the stage of implementation of the contract without its composition or expiry، so we decided to study the duration of the contract in accordance with the French legislation، and analyze its legal articles to reach the correct legal provisions، all in comparison with the various articles in our Iraqi and Egyptian legislation، thus we hope that our study will be the nucleus of other legal studies in this area.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 07 2022
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
Structural, characterization and biological activity of new ligand N-(pyrimidin-2-yl carbamothioyl) acetamide and its complexes with (VO(II), Mn (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II)
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New ligand of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl carbamothioyl)acetamide was synthesized and its complexes with (VO(II), Mn (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) are formed with confirmation of their structures on the bases of spectroscopic analyses. Antimicrobial activity of new complexes are studied against Gram positive S. aureus and Gram negative E. coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas. The octahedral geometrical structures are proved depending on the outcomes from the preceding procedures

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 28 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets bonded to porcelain surface treated with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel compared to hydro fluoric acid with silane coupling agent (In vitro comparative study)
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Background: With the increasing demands for adult orthodontics, a growing need arises to bond attachments to porcelain surfaces. Optimal adhesion to porcelain surface should allow orthodontic treatment without bond failure but not jeopardize porcelain integrity after debonding.The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metal bracket bonded to porcelain surface prepared by two mechanical treatments and by using different etching systems (Hydrofluoric acid 9% and acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23%). Materials and Methods: The samples were comprised of 60 models (28mm *15mm*28mm) of metal fused to porcelain (feldspathic porcelain). They were divided as the following: group I (control): the porcelain surface left u

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 13 2022
Journal Name
Dental Hypotheses
Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Microleakage Between Bulk-Fill, Preheated Bulk-Fill, and Bulk-Fill Flowable Composite Resins Above and Below Cemento-Enamel Junction Using Micro-Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the marginal microleakage between bulk-fill, preheated bulk-fill, and bulk-fill flowable composite resins above and below cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) using micro-computed tomography. Methods: Sixty freshly extracted premolar teeth were prepared with a slot shaped cavities of a total of 120 Class II: 3mm (bucco-lingual), 2mm (mesio-distal) with mesial-gingival margin located 1mm coronal to CEJ, and distal gingival margin located 1mm apical to the CEJ. The samples were randomly divided into two main groups according to the restorative material (Tetric EvoCeram and 3M Filtek), and each group was further sub-divided into three subgroups according to the consistency (bulk fill, preheated bulk fil

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of Single Layer Graphene Based DI-water Nanofluid in a Circular Tube under Laminar Flow and Different Heat Fluxes as Boundary Conditions
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An experimental study was performed to estimate the forced convection heat transfer performance and the pressure drop of a single layer graphene (GNPs) based DI-water nanofluid in a circular tube under a laminar flow and a uniform heat flux boundary conditions. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid at weight concentrations of (0.1 to 1 wt%) were measured. The effects of the velocity of flow, heat flux and nanoparticle weight concentrations on the  enhancement of the heat transfer are examined. The Nusselt number of the GNPs nanofluid was enhanced as the heat flux and the velocity of flow rate  increased, and the maximum Nusselt number  ratio (Nu nanofluid/ Nu base fluid)   and thermal performance factor

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Case Studies In Chemical And Environmental Engineering
Removal of copper from a simulated wastewater by electromembrane extraction technique using a novel electrolytic cell provided with a flat polypropylene membrane infused with 1-octanol and DEHP as a carrier
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Results In Chemistry
Synthesis and characterization of (E)-4-(((4-(5-mercapto-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) phenyl) amino) methyl)-2-methoxyphenol as a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild-steel in acidic medium
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 24 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Molecular Sciences
Influence of Fatty Acid Desaturase Enzyme-1 Gene (FADS-1) Polymorphism on Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels, Desaturase Enzymes, Lipid Profile, and Glycemic Control Parameters in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Mellitus Patients
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder caused by impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in target tissues. Genome-wide association studies have identified over 50 genetic variants linked to T2DM, including polymorphisms associated with the disease. This study investigates the impact of the FADS1 (rs174547) polymorphism in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls and examines serum levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as well as D5D and D6D enzyme levels and activity. This case–control study included 120 participants: 60 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 60 apparently healthy controls matched for age, sex, and other sociodemographic factors. Polyunsaturated fatt

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Scopus (7)
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
On Semiannahilator Supplement Submodules
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Let R be associative; ring; with an identity and let D be unitary left R- module; . In this work we present semiannihilator; supplement submodule as a generalization of R-a- supplement submodule, Let U and V be submodules of an R-module D if D=U+V and whenever Y≤ V and D=U+Y, then annY≪R;. We also introduce the the concept of semiannihilator -supplemented ;modules and semiannihilator weak; supplemented modules, and we give some basic properties of this conseptes

Publication Date
Thu Sep 08 2022
Journal Name
Mathematical Statistician And Engineering Applications
δ-Semi Normal and δ-Semi Compact Spaces
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In this paper by using δ-semi.open sets we introduced the concept of weakly δ-semi.normal and δ-semi.normal spaces . Many properties and results were investigated and studied. Also we present the notion of δ- semi.compact spaces and we were able to compare with it δ-semi.regular spaces

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering And Applied Sciences
New Data Security Method Based on Biometrics
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Merging biometrics with cryptography has become more familiar and a great scientific field was born for researchers. Biometrics adds distinctive property to the security systems, due biometrics is unique and individual features for every person. In this study, a new method is presented for ciphering data based on fingerprint features. This research is done by addressing plaintext message based on positions of extracted minutiae from fingerprint into a generated random text file regardless the size of data. The proposed method can be explained in three scenarios. In the first scenario the message was used inside random text directly at positions of minutiae in the second scenario the message was encrypted with a choosen word before ciphering

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