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Using cryotherapy, <scp>EMLA</scp> (eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine) cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain during arteriovenous fistula puncture: A randomized controlled trial
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Abstract<sec><title>Introduction

In hemodialysis patients, pain associated with needle insertion into an arteriovenous fistula is a physical and psychological problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pre‐puncture application of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain associated with access puncture.

Methods

This was a multicenter study done in nine hemodialysis centers in Iraq. The study utilized a randomized, parallel‐group design, in which patients being dialyzed using an arteriovenous access were allocated into one of four groups. Access puncture was preceded by nothing (control group), by use of ice pack cooling at the puncture site, by application of EMLA cream, or by application of lidocaine spray. Pain after access puncture was assessed during a single treatment for each patient. Pain was quantified using a Visual Analogue Scale.

Findings

A total of 1548 patients agreed to participate, and 1041 patients were included in the data analysis. Use of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray each was associated with a lower pain score on access puncture compared with no pretreatment. The mean Visual Analogue Scores in the four groups were: 69.7 ± 15.7 in the controls, 39.8 ± 13.2 in the ice pack group, 45 ± 18.4 in the EMLA group, and 52.9 ± 15.2 in lidocaine group. Ranking of the pain severity scores suggested that ice pack use was associated with the least pain, followed by use of EMLA cream and use of lidocaine spray (severity score ranking, from lowest to highest, being 1.62, 2.18, and 2.63, respectively).

Discussion

Application of an ice pack prior to vascular access puncture is a fast and inexpensive technique to limit pain associated with this procedure.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2007
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Study of Mechanical Characteristics for Polymer Composite Reinforced by Particles of (Al2O3) or (Al)
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A particulate polymer composite material was prepared by reinforcing with the Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) or Aluminum (Al) metallic particles with a particle size of (30) µm to an unsaturated Polyester Resin with a weight fraction of (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%).

Tensile test results showed the maximum value of elastic modulus reached (2400MPa.)  in the case of reinforcing with (Al) particles with weight fraction (20%) and (1500 MPa.)  in the case of reinforcing with (Al2O3) particles of the same weight fraction.

  When the impact and the flexural strength tests were done, the results showed that flexural strength (F.S), maximum shear stress (τmax), impact strength

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Inorganic Chemistry Communications
Sarin chemical warfare agent detection by Sc-decorated XN nanotubes (X = Al or Ga)
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In order to scrutinize the impact of the decoration of Sc upon the sensing performance of an XN nanotube (X = Al or Ga, and XNNT) in detecting sarin (SN), the density functionals M06-2X, τ-HCTHhyb, and B3LYP were utilized. The interaction of the pristine XNNT with SN was a physical adsorption with the sensing response (SR) of approximately 5.4. Decoration of the Sc metal into the surface of the AlN and GaN led to an increase in the adsorption energy of SN from −3.4 to −18.9, and −3.8 to −20.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Also, there was a significant increase in the corresponding SR to 38.0 and 100.5, the sensitivity of metal decorated XNNT (metal@XNNT) is increased. So, we found that Sc-decorating more increases the sensitivity of GaNN

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Advances In Life Science And Technology
Polycondensation of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid with Some Prepared Diamines Derived from Amino Acids or Antibiotic
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Many condensed polymers [A1-A7] were prepared via reaction of (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid = EDTA), with different prepared imide-diamines by modification [ modification of amino acids and antibiotics (B1- B7)] Imide-diamines were prepared by chlorination of L-amino acids such as [ L-Histidine, L-Alanine, L-Valine, L-Glycine and L-Aspargine ] or selected antibiotics such as [Cephallixine monohydrate and Amoxilline ] with thionyl chloride at 0°C, then reacted with ammonia to obtain imidediamines [B1-B7] . The physical properties of all prepared condensed polymers [A1-A7], new prepared diamines [B1-B7] were studied and characterized by FT -IR spectroscope to certify the structural formulas. The thermal analysis (TGA, DTA) were studied, a

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 08 2010
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Maternal and fetal outcomes in emergency versus elective two or more previous cesarean deliveries
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences
Procalcitonin levels and other biochemical parameters in patients with or without diabetic foot complications
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Microstructure and Some Properties of Aluminum-Silicon Matrix Composites Reinforced by Alumina or Chromia
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In this work, yttrium oxide particles (powder) reinforced AL-Si matrix composites (Y2O3/Al-Si) and Chromium oxide particles reinforced AL-Si matrix composites (Cr2O3/AL-Si) were prepared by direct squeeze casting. The volume percentages of yttrium oxide used are (4, 8.1, 12.1, 16.1 vol %) and the volume percentages of the chromium oxide particles used are (3.1, 6.3, 9.4, 12.5 vol. %). The parameters affecting the preparation of Y2O3/Al-Si and Cr2O3/AL-Si composites by direct squeeze casting process were studied. The molten Al-Si alloy with yttrium oxide particles or with chromium oxide particles was stirred again using an electrical stirrer at speed 500 rpm  and the molten alloy was  poured  into the squeeze die cavity. Th

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2010
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES IN EMERGENCY VERSUS ELECTIVE TWO OR MORE PREVIOUS CAESAREAN DELIVERIES
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Background: Women with previous two or
more caesarean deliveries are usually
managed by elective cesarean section to avoid
the possible risks of labor.
Objective: To compare the relative risks of
maternal and fetal outcomes in emergency
versus elective previous two or more
caesarean deliveries
Design: Randomized prospective clinical
study
Setting: Al-Elweya Maternity Teaching
Hospital, from 1st of March to 31st of
September 2008.
Methods: The study groups, those who had
previous two or more caesarean deliveries,
were included from the hospital admissions.
The 1st group (102 women) presented in labor
and was managed by caesarean delivery as
soon as it was possible. The second group (7

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
(Dynamic& Static) Forecast of surplus or Deficit of Public budget in Iraq for (2017،2018)
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 This research aims at forecasting the public budget of Iraq (surplus or deficit) for 2017 & 2018 through using two methods to forecast. First: forecast budget surplus or deficit by using IMF estimations average oil price per barrel adopted in the public federal budget amounted to USD 44 in 2017 & USD 46 in 2018; Second: forecast budget surplus or deficit by using MOO actual average oil price in global markets amounted to USD 66 in 2018 through applying Dynamic Model & Static Model. Then analyze the models to reach the best one. The research concluded that those estimations of dynamic forecasting model of budget surplus or deficit for 2017 & 2018 gives good reliable results for future periods when using the a

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Imagination as a Path to Reality
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Imagination as a Path to Reality

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Effect Of Vêo® Premium and Vitamin C Supplementation on Lipid Profile Before and During Pregnancy in Some Local Iraqi Ewes During Heat Stress
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The present study was designed to investigate the effects of VêO® premium and vitamin C (Vit. C) supplementation on lipid profile before and during pregnancy in local Iraqi ewes during heat stress. The study was conducted in a private field in Fallujah city, west Iraq, during the period from 6/8/2019 to 8/2/2020. Twenty local Iraqi ewes were divided randomly into four equal groups (5 for each group) The first group (T1) was given VêO® premium (4 g/ ewe/ day), the second group (T2) was given VêO® premium (2 g/ ewe/ day), and the third group (T3) was given Vit. C (40 mg/ ewe/ day), and the fourth group (T4) was left without treatment, as a control group. Aft

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