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Numerical investigation of natural convection in a square enclosure partially filled with horizontal layers of a porous medium
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Abstract<p>Two‐dimensional buoyancy‐induced flow and heat transfer inside a square enclosure partially occupied by copper metallic foam subjected to a symmetric side cooling and constant heat flux bottom heating was tested numerically. Finite Element Method was employed to solve the governing partial differential equations of the flow field and the Local Thermal Equilibrium model was used for the energy equation. The system boundaries were defined as lower heated wall by constant heat flux, cooled lateral walls, and insulated top wall. The three parameters elected to conduct the study are heater length (7 ≤ <italic>ζ</italic> ≤ 20 cm), constant heat flux (150 ≤ <italic>q</italic>″ ≤ 600 W m<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>), and porous material thickness (5 ≤ <italic>H</italic> ≤ 20 cm). The porous material used was the copper metal foam of porosity = 0.9 and pore density PPI = 10, and saturated with a fluid of Prandtl number = 0.7. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that at the porous layer thickness = 5 cm, the rate of heat transferred was (74.6%) higher than when the layer height was 20 cm (the cavity is fully filled) and at the same thickness it was found that the heat rate is (51.4%) higher than when using the half filling (<italic>H</italic> = 10 cm). Further, the local and mean Nusselt number is maximum when using the largest heater size and smallest porous layer thickness. Finally, better circulation and convective modes were observed at high values of heat flux.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 11 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Media separation: The Relationship of Arab Immigrants with the Media of the Countries of Diaspora (Sweden as a model) (A Research Derived from PhD Dissertation)
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The research seeks to study the subject (Media separation: the Relationship of Arab Immigrants with the Media of the Countries of Diaspora/ Sweden as a model). Where this phenomenon, "problem" has not been subjected to an in-depth study to find out the causes of this media separation and its repercussions on the immigrant, whether in the problem of integration, or his opportunity to work, or adapt to live in the new society.

Separation is a kind of word that is rarely used in Arabic media studies, relevant, sometimes, to the meaning of “refraining from watching TV or listening to the radio or reading newspapers”. Sometimes, it means “not tuning to or using any form of media like radios or newspapers to be updated about what

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Engineering Analysis With Boundary Elements
Numerical solution of two-dimensional mixed problems with variable coefficients by the boundary-domain integral and integro-differential equation methods
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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Effect the Natural Lighting In The Visual Comfort & Workers Satisfaction in Industrial Companies
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Energy crisis and the requirements of health and feel good, all this renewed attention to the importance of natural lighting in all kinds of factories.
    Research problem was how to achieve the plant's own natural outlets visual comfort and satisfaction of workers in
Companies, the industries of cotton and general al-fedaa.

     The research compuns address the impact of daylight to provide visual comfort in the factory. Indeed, the light must be treated very carefully, and natural lighting should be thinking from the perspective of the occupants of the plant and not wishing to view from the outsid

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Development and Evaluation of Biodegradable Particles Coloaded With Antigen and the Toll-Like Receptor Agonist, Pentaerythritol Lipid A, as a Cancer Vaccine
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 08 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
PDF Lab-On-a-Chip an integrated microfluidic device sensitive low-Cost, and Rapid with a syringe pump for Analysis of Ibuprofen
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Abstract: Microfluidic devices present unique advantages for the development of efficient drug assay and screening. The microfluidic platforms might offer a more rapid and cost-effective alternative. Fluids are confined in devices that have a significant dimension on the micrometer scale. Due to this extreme confinement, the volumes used for drug assays are tiny (milliliters to femtoliters).

 In this research, a microfluidic chip consists of micro-channels carved on substrate materials built by using Acrylic (Polymethyl Methacrylate, PMMA) chip was designed using a Carbon Dioxide (CO2) laser machine. The CO2 parameters have influence on the width, depth, roughness of the chip. In order to have regular

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental and Numerical Study on Cavitation Effects in Centrifugal Pumps
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Experimental and numerical investigations of the centrifugal pump performance at non-cavitating and cavitating flow conditions were carried out in the present study. Experiments were performed by applying a vacuum to a closed-loop system to investigate the effects of the net positive suction head available (NPSHa), flow rate, water temperature and pump speed on the centrifugal pump performance. Accordingly, many of the important parameters concerning cavitation phenomenon were calculated. Also, the noise which is accompanied by cavitation was measured. Numerical analysis was implemented for two phase flow (the water and its vapor) using a 2-D simulation by ANSYS FLUENT software to investigate the internal flow of centrifugal pump under c

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 11 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental and Numerical Research on Flow-Induced Vibration in Valves
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Abstract  

All central air conditioning systems contain piping system with various components, sizes, material, and layouts. If such systems in operating mode, the flow in piping system and its component such as valves can produce severe vibration due to some flow phenomenon’s. In this research, experimental measurements and numerical simulation are used to study the flow-induced vibration in valves. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) concepts are included with one-way and two-way fluid-structure interaction concepts by using finite element software Package (ANSYS 14.57). Detection analysis is performed on flow characteristics under operation conditions and relations with structural vibration. Most of

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Study and Investigation of Hard Photons Emission in Heavy Ion Collisions
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This work involves hard photon rate production from quark -gluon plasma QGP interaction in heavy ion collision. Using a quantum chromodynamic model to investigate and calculation of photons rate in 𝑐𝑔 → 𝑠𝑔𝛾 system due to strength coupling, photons rate, temperature of system, flavor number and critical. The photons rate production computed using the perturbative strength models for QGP interactions. The strength coupling was function of temperature of system, flavor number and critical temperature. Its influenced by force with temperature of system, its increased with decreased the temperature and vice versa. The strength coupling has used to examine the confinement and deconfinement of quarks in QGP properties and inf

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 28 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Quantum Theory of Atom in Molecules Investigation Trinuclear Ruthenium: DFT Approach
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The topological indices of the "[(µ3-2, 5-dioxyocyclohexylidene)-bis ((2-hydrido)-nonacarbonyltriruthenium]” were studied within the quantum theory of atoms in the molecule (QTAIM), clusters are
analyzed using the density functional theory (DFT). The estimated topological variables accord with prior
descriptions of comparable transition metal complexes. The Quantum Theory of Atom, in molecules
investigation of the bridging core component, Ru3H2, revealed critical binding points (chemical bonding)
between Ru (1) and Ru (2) and Ru (3). Consequently, delocalization index for this non-bonding interaction
was calculated in the core of Ru3H2, the interaction is of the (5centre–5electron) class.

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Noise Effect in Centrifugal Fan Impeller
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In this work a study was made in centrifugal fan blower to investigate the effect of impeller blade design on sound pressure level (SPL). Shroud and unshroud impeller of nine blades are used. The sound generation from flow inside the test rig at different positions was displayed by using spectral analyzer. The experiments were carried out in anechoic chamber with small holes in its walls, under ambient condition about (25-27) C ° to avoid the effect of temperature on the sound pressure level. The results showed that (SPL) decreased with the increase of distance from the source about (3-4)dB when distance varied about (0.8-1.06)m, and the (SPL) decreased with the decrease of velocity about (8-12)dB when velocity varied between (13000-260

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