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Numerical investigation of natural convection in a square enclosure partially filled with horizontal layers of a porous medium
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Abstract<p>Two‐dimensional buoyancy‐induced flow and heat transfer inside a square enclosure partially occupied by copper metallic foam subjected to a symmetric side cooling and constant heat flux bottom heating was tested numerically. Finite Element Method was employed to solve the governing partial differential equations of the flow field and the Local Thermal Equilibrium model was used for the energy equation. The system boundaries were defined as lower heated wall by constant heat flux, cooled lateral walls, and insulated top wall. The three parameters elected to conduct the study are heater length (7 ≤ <italic>ζ</italic> ≤ 20 cm), constant heat flux (150 ≤ <italic>q</italic>″ ≤ 600 W m<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>), and porous material thickness (5 ≤ <italic>H</italic> ≤ 20 cm). The porous material used was the copper metal foam of porosity = 0.9 and pore density PPI = 10, and saturated with a fluid of Prandtl number = 0.7. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that at the porous layer thickness = 5 cm, the rate of heat transferred was (74.6%) higher than when the layer height was 20 cm (the cavity is fully filled) and at the same thickness it was found that the heat rate is (51.4%) higher than when using the half filling (<italic>H</italic> = 10 cm). Further, the local and mean Nusselt number is maximum when using the largest heater size and smallest porous layer thickness. Finally, better circulation and convective modes were observed at high values of heat flux.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF LIVER IN BARN OWL, TYTO ALBA (SCOPOLI, 1769)
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Scopus
Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2009
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Seasonal Abundance of Adult Fly Species on the Exposed Carcasses in Baghdad City
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Adult of dipterous flies were collected monthly from exposed animals carcasses during the period from February 2006 to January 2007 in Baghdad city. The results obtained showed that flies could be collected all over the year with variation of their population density in different seasons. The majority of the collected species were abundant during Spring and late Autumn (at lowest numbers) . In this investigation, nineteen species confined to four families were collected; these families are: Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Fanniidae. The species Musca domestica Linn .was the most abundant followed by Chrysomya megacephala ( Fabricius ) , while Pollenia sp . and Fannia sp . were the least abundant species.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 14 2020
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
(Social Reform in the Light of Modern Islamic Thought (Malik bin Nabi model
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Social reform is the main pillar of the organization of societies. Therefore, all religions and theories were directed to focus on this aspect as the most important element for the development of economic and cultural development. In addition to the analysis and application of the Islamic Sharia, he did not present a theory, but offered real solutions and remedies to the crises in our Arab and Islamic societies alike, despite the criticism directed at him. Z his opinions.<

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Simulation of Two Phase Flow Mixing Co – Current in T Junction Using Comsol
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The analysis, behavior of two-phase flow incompressible fluid in T-juction is done by using "A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model" that application division of different in industries. The level set method was based in “Finite Element method”. In our search the behavior of two phase flow (oil and water) was studed. The two-phase flow is taken to simulate by using comsol software 4.3. The multivariable was studying such as velocity distribution, share rate, pressure and the fraction of volume at various times.  The velocity was employed at the inlet (0.2633, 0.1316, 0.0547 and 0.0283 m/s) for water and (0.1316 m/s) for oil, over and above the pressure set at outlet as a boundary condition. It was observed through the program

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design And Analysis Performance of Liquid Petroleum Gases System in Residential Building; Review
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Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) consist of hydrocarbons obtained by refining crude oil, either from propane or butane or a mixture of the two. There are often other components such as propylene, butylene or other hydrocarbons, but they are not the main component. The study aims to review previous studies dealing with designing an LPG system to deliver gas to residential campuses and buildings. LPG is extracted from natural gas NG by several processes, passing through fractionation towers and then pressuring into CNG storage tanks. Gas contains several problems, including gas leakage through the pipes and leads to fires or explosions in LPG storage and distribution tanks, so safety conditions were taken in the design and implementation. T

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Publication Date
Wed May 18 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Variation of The Designing in decorative the Calligraphic authorization: حسـين علي يونــس
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Formed a decoration element Tzeigna important holidays linear, since regulating mechanism of vocabulary and formative elements Btnoatha through activation design with space linear in order to add value expressionistic, and achieve career goals and aesthetic, has promised these diversities and one of the finest artistic achievements that excelled the designer patterned through expertise and skill in the output of the design artwork beautiful image to fit with the importance degree in the field of calligraphy and set the rules, and was questionably basic research problem is the following:
What are the variations in the design of linear motifs Vacations?
In order to solve these problems and to reach the desired outcomes research ai

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Design and Simulation of Optical Element Use in Solid State Blue Laser Source
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Solid state blue laser source is a solid state laser include generation of IR laser light 1064 nm and companied with other wavelength 810 nm that invented from other active medium (Tm:ZBLAN) and non-linear crystal (CLBO) are used to generate fourth harmonic of the resultant wavelength 1874 nm that is blue laser light of 460nm. Several optical component have been designed by multilayer dielectric structure and anti reflection coating analysis. By using MATLAB soft ware, the simulation done and used the following non linear material (ZrO2, HfO2, MgO, SiO, Ta2O5 CaF2) and other linear material (ZnO, MgF2, GaAs, AlAs, BaF2, LiF, TiO2) as coating material. The result showed that as more quarter wave layers are added to the structure, the refl

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 11 2014
Journal Name
European Journal Of Psychotraumatology
Prevalence of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms among secondary school students in Baghdad
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 27 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Spectrophotometric Determination of Clonazepam in Pure and Dosage forms using Charge Transfer Reaction
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A rapid, sensitive and without extraction spectrophotometric method for determination of clonazepam (CLO) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms has been described. The proposed method was simply depended on charge transfer reaction between reduced CLO (n-donor) and metol (N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate) as a chromogenic reagent (π- acceptor). The reduced drug, with zinc and concentrated hydrochloric acid, produced a purple colored soluble charge-transfer complex with metol in the presence of sodium metaperiodate in neutral medium, which has been measured at λmax 532 nm. All the variables which affected the developed and the stability of the colored product such as concentration of reagent and oxidant, temperature and time of rea

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Visual pollution and statistical determination in some of Karrada district main streets /Baghdad
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This study objective is to identify the visual pollution in Karrada district main streets as an example of main streets in Baghdad, the public opinion about each pollutants, solutions to reduce and eliminate the pollution were suggested as well. In order to accomplish this objective different methods were used, 16 pollutants were selected, pictures of each pollutants were taken and a questioner were distributed randomly for 270 people to evaluate the public opinion with statistical methods. Garbage, their disposal and storage areas took the first two places as the highest offensive pollutants. The people showed that they find long lines of vehicles, debris and generators appearance ranked third, fourth and fifth respectively .This resear

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