The current study aimed to assessing the water quality and discussing the hydrochemical characteristics and seasonal variation of surface water on the aspect of metals in Shatt-Al-Hilla, Babil Governorate, Central Iraq. Water samples were collected from eleven sampling sites of Shatt Al-Hila for wet season in March (18/3/2018), and a dry season in July (30/7/2018).

Surface water samples were analyzed for physiochemical parameters such as water temperature pH, EC, TDS, major ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, SO₄^2-, Cl^-, and HCO₃^-), nutrients (NO₃^-, and PO₄^3-) for both seasons and DO for one season

The present study aims to assess the water quality and the hydrochemical characteristics and seasonal variation of surface water on the aspect of trace elements in Al-Tarmiyah District, Baghdad, Iraq. Ten water samples were collected, four from surface water and six from groundwater on October 2017, and on April 2018. All samples were analyzed for physiochemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, EC, TDS,TH,TSS, major ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, SO₄^2-, Cl^-, and HCO₃^-), and nutrients (NO₃^-, and PO₄^3-). In addition, samples were analyzed for trace elements that include Fe, Al, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr,

Thirty-three samples of groundwater were taken from Dibdibba unconfined aquifer in the Zuber area southwestern parts of Basrah governorate south of Iraq to assess the groundwater quality. A statistical multivariate analysis was done using cations and anions, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) that were measured for drinking, livestock, and construction purposes. Residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), Magnesium Ratio (MR), and Permeability index (PI) were used to evaluate the suitability of the present samples for irrigation activity. The quality of groundwater in the study area is unsuitable for drinking water, industrial and building uses. But it is suitable for livestock uses, According to Residual Sodium C

A seasonal study of periphytic algae attached to the surface of river boats was conducted in Tigris river in Al Aadhamiya site for the period from October 2016 to May 2017. A total of 107 taxa of periphytic algae were identified belonging to the four classes of algae. The periphytic algae community dominated by Bacillariophyceae was (60.7%) followed by Chlorophyceae (20.5%) and Cyanophyceae (17.7%) Chrysophyceae was constituted (0.9%) of the total number. During the whole period of study filamentous taxa such as Oscillatoria amphibian, Phormidium spp., Spirulinagigantean, Cladophoreglomerata and Melosira roeseana remained the dominant colonizer which may be reflect the ability of this species to grow multiplies under different environmental

       The study aimed to reach the best rating for the views and variables in the totals characterized by qualities and characteristics common within each group and distinguish them from aggregates other for the purpose of distinguishing between Iraqi provinces which suffer from deprivation, for the purpose of identifying the status of those provinces in the early allowing interested parties and regulators to intervene to take appropriate corrective action in a timely manner. Style has been used cluster analysis Cluster analysis to reach the best rating to those totals from the provinces that suffer from problems, where the provinces were classified, based on the variables (Edu

The present study deals with the assessment of water Quality Index to theAl-
Khadhimiya Groundwater city, by collection groundwater from 13wells during four
seasons, subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The
13 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium,
turbidity, nitrate, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, Sulfate, Chloride,
zinc, manganic, and iron, that are used for calculating the WQI. From the result
shown, the most groundwater quality lies in Unfit for human drinking purpose. The
wells (1 and 11) and wells (3 and 10) were a bad water quality for drinking purpose
since they lie in poor and in very poor respectively according to the WQI.

The Qazaniyah study included the analysis of 18 wells and 2 springs for the dry period in October 2018 and the wet period in April 2019, including the analysis of physical and chemical properties and the study of heavy elements (Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cu).The results showed that the water wells and springs for the two periods are highly mineralized and characterized by low alkalinity and very high hardness. Water was fresh in some wells and salty in the others, whereas it was fresh in the springs. Most  of the wells had sodium chloride type, except the wells 12, 7, 6, and 5 which were of Calcium chloride type. The springs for both seasons had calcium chloride type. Based on the World Health Organization criteria ,  all the well

This study was conducted from February 2010 to December 2010. Water Samples were collected every two months in three stations in Baghdad city. The study involved the assessment of concentrations of some heavy metals such as: Chromium, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc. the values of chromium were undetected for the entire of the study, while the rest of the heavy metal were ranged between 0.001 -0.438 mg / l, ND -0.077 mg / L, ND -0.778 mg / l, 0.36 - 0.011 mg / l, 0.011-0 .08mg/ l, ND - 0.1985 mg / l, ND -0.0416 mg / l, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were fluctuated during the study period, except Lead which have high concentrations and exceeded the permit limits in all statio

Frequent data in weather records is essential for forecasting, numerical model development, and research, but data recording interruptions may occur for various reasons. So, this study aims to find a way to treat these missing data and know their accuracy by comparing them with the original data values. The mean method was used to treat daily and monthly missing temperature data. The results show that treating the monthly temperature data for the stations (Baghdad, Hilla, Basra, Nasiriya, and Samawa) in Iraq for all periods (1980-2020), the percentage for matching between the original and the treating values did not exceed (80%). So, the period was divided into four periods.  It was noted that most of the congruence values increased, re