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Sectional and Stress Analysis of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams with Embedded GFRP Profiles Under Monotonic Static Loading
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Glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement provides an effective alternative to conventional steel in concrete structures due to its corrosion resistance. Nevertheless, the lower elastic modulus of GFRP necessitates careful consideration of serviceability behavior in GFRP-reinforced concrete members. This study presents a numerical sectional analysis model for predicting the flexural response and ultimate capacity of hybrid reinforced concrete beams incorporating embedded GFRP profiles in combination with either mild steel or GFRP reinforcement bars under monotonic static loading. The proposed model employs realistic nonlinear stress–strain relationships for concrete and steel, together with secant moduli of elasticity evaluated at different loading stages. Particular emphasis is placed on detailed stress distribution in flexural sections, including the contribution of tension stiffening in the post-cracking regime. The formulation integrates nonlinear constitutive material behavior with theoretical sectional equilibrium to evaluate the effective flexural secant stiffness. For practical serviceability assessment and to reduce dependence on complex analytical procedures, strain vectors and stiffness matrix components are derived using elasticity coefficients that reflect modulus degradation obtained from numerical analysis. The accuracy of the model is verified through comparison with experimental results, including ultimate flexural capacity and moment–deflection responses. Many crucial parameters were studied, such as the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, type of reinforcement, concrete compressive strength, position of the I-GFRP profile, and rotation of the I-GFRP profile. The results of this study demonstrated that both the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the rotation of the I-GFRP profile have a significant influence on the ultimate load capacity and deflection behavior. The close agreement between numerical predictions and experimental observations demonstrates the reliability and applicability of the proposed model for structural engineering analysis and design.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
Alustath Journal
Semantic Analysis of Proverbs: A Conversation Analysis
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Proverbs are considered as a major source of ancient events and happenings. Similar to other past events related to life, proverbs have many important and famous values in people's life. This study will shed lights on the use of proverbs as short sentences based on long experiences. The aim of the study is to explicate the roles, and the importance of proverbs in our life and how they are used to convey thoughts to people throughout simple words with denotation. Thus, proverbs explicate the truth and experience of our grandfathers when directed for criticism. Few proverbs were used by writers to criticize, mimic and reprint their personalities. Hence, proverbs will achieve portions of the unique roles of understanding. The model to

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Flexible Budgets and its Variances under The Corona Pandemic Covid – 19
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The research aims to explain the role of the flexible budget in assessing the feedback resulting from deviations by comparing the actual results with the planned performance in light of the economic crisis that the world witnessed during the spread of Corona disease. As most companies, including the Electronic Industries Company, face the problem of controlling production costs and are trying hard to reduce these costs to the lowest level starting from measuring these costs and allocating them and distributing them to products. This helps in controlling deviations and thus the flexible budget becomes a tool that helps in controlling elements Costs

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The Asabe
Effects of Pressure and Moisture Content on Bulk Density of Triticale Grain under Compaction
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Highlights

Compaction of triticale grain with three moisture contents (8%, 12%, and 16% wet basis) was measured at five applied pressures (0, 7, 14, 34, and 55 kPa).

Bulk density increased with increasing pressure for all moisture contents and was significantly (p < 0.0001) dependent on both moisture content and applied pressure.

A Verhulst logistic equation was found to model the changes in bulk density of triticale grain with R2 of 0.986.

The model showed similar beha

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 1990
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
COMPARISON OF ALFALFA WEEVIL POPULATIONS UNDER EPIZOOTIC AND ENZOOTIC CONDITIONS OF ERYNIAPHYTONOMI IN WISCONSIN
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Comparisons of two life tables constructed to display alfaifa weevil Hypera posticoa (Gryllenhal), populations in southeentral Wisconsin, U. S. A. under epizootic and enzootic conditions of fungal diseasea, caused by Erynia phytonomi Arthur suggests that the “prepupal” stage provided the greates contribution to population changes under both conditions due to the high mortality rate. The principle mortality agents during this stage are E. phytonomi and the parasitoids complex of Bathyp1ectes curculionis and Buthyp1ectes anurus respectively under the two condition.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Anemia among Lactating Mothers and their Children Under Two Years of Age
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Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate anemia among lactating women and their children less than 2 years of
age.
Methodology: The study was done on (148) lactating mothers and their children under 2 years of age in the primary
health care center at AL-Salam Quarter/Baghdad from l/10/2009 to 15/10/2010.
Result: This study recommends that there is a significant relationship between anemic mothers and their children. The
study also revealed that there is (77.8%) from nursing mothers in the age groups (25-29) who suffered from anemia,
while (23.1%) for the age group (20-24) did not have anemia
Recommendation: We encourage the use of breast milk or iron-fortified infant formula only for any milk-based part
of

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 09 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effect of high and low density polyethylene on some mechanical properties of concrete
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The increasing use of plastics in various aspects of modern life resulted in the availability of enormous amount of wastes, including a negative effect on the environment and humans. So it is necessary to find solutions to deal with these wastes and ensure to use them as solutions to use in concrete mix . In this research the production of concrete containing high and low density polyethylene has been used by (5, 10, 15)% as a replacement of part of the volume of sand, so as to obtain concrete good compressive strength as well as other benefits such as improved possibility of pumping concrete and reduce the loss of concrete for workability polymer is a material that is non-absorbable of water . It is also intended to dispose of these was

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Influence of Additives on Permanent Deformation and Resilient Modulus of Recycled Asphalt Concrete
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Tests were performed on asphalt concrete specimens with (101.6 mm in diameter and 101.6 mm in height), and the results were implemented for calculating permanent deformation and resilient modulus under repeated compressive stress with different levels of stresses (0.068, 0.138 and 0.206) MPa at 40 ºC. Two types of additives namely (carbon black-asphalt) and (SBR-asphalt) were tried as rejuvenators with three percentages of (0.5, 1 and 1.5) % by weight of asphalt cement along with two ratios of AC (1 and 2) % have been implemented as rejuvenator and blended with the reclaimed asphalt concrete. Aged materials were obtained from the site. 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement material from the reclaimed mixture is implemented. A

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Impact of Aggregate Gradation and Filler Type on Marshall Properties of Asphalt Concrete
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As asphalt concrete wearing course (ACWC) is the top layer in the pavement structure, the material should be able to sustain stresses caused by direct traffic loading. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of aggregate gradation and mineral filler type on Marshall Properties.  A detailed laboratory study is carried out by preparing asphalt mixtures specimens using locally available materials including asphalt binder (40-50) penetration grade, two types of aggregate gradation representing SCRB and ROAD NOTE 31 specifications and two types of  mineral filler including limestone dust and coal fly ash. Four types of mixtures were prepared and tested. The first type included SCRB specification and

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2004
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Corrosion Inhibition of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering Research
Performance of quadrilateral perforated prestressed concrete rafters
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This study focuses on the behavior of simply supported perforated prestressed concrete rafters (PPCRs) under single midspan monotonic static loading. The experimental program consisted of testing seven specimens; one solid (control) rafter, and six perforated with quadrilateral openings. The main investigated variables are the number and height of the openings. The test findings indicate that, in comparison to the solid rafter, the presence of quadrilateral openings in the PPCRs led to reducing the load capacity by (4.3-36%) and increase the midspan deflection at ultimate by (14.8-33%). Also, increasing the number of concrete posts between openings resulted in increasing the failure load and decreasing the deflection at all stages o

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