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Treatment of Al-Muthanna Petroleum Refinery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Using a Tubular batch Electrochemical Reactor
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Abstract<p>An electrocoagulation process has been used to eliminate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewaters discharged from the Al-Muthanna petroleum refinery plant. In this process, a circular aluminum bar was used as a sacrificial anode, and hallow cylinder made from stainless steel was used as a cathode in a tubular batch electrochemical Reactor. Impacts of the operating factors like current density (5-25mAcm<sup>-2</sup>), NaCl addition at concentrations (0-2g/l), and pH at values (3-11) on the COD removal efficiency were studied.</p><p>Results revealed that the increase in current density increases the COD removal efficiency, whereas an increase in NaCl concentration results in a decline in the COD removal efficiency. Using a pH value higher or lower than 7 causes a lowering of the COD removal efficiency. A current density of 15mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, NaCl concentration of 1g/l, and pH value of 7 were found to be the best operating conditions in which COD removal efficiency of 95.3% was achieved at a treatment time 45 minutes with an energy consumption of 27.78kWh/kg COD. Based on these conditions, a COD value of 20 ppm could be obtained, which is below the standard limit for discharging petroleum refinery effluents.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Apr 13 2012
Journal Name
Kut Journal For Economic And Administrative Sciences
Using Different Methods to Estimate the Parameters of Probability Death Density Function with Application
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In this paper, the maximum likelihood estimates for parameter ( ) of two parameter's Weibull are studied, as well as white estimators and (Bain & Antle) estimators, also Bayes estimator for scale parameter ( ), the simulation procedures are used to find the estimators and comparing between them using MSE. Also the application is done on the data for 20 patients suffering from a headache disease.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Propulsion And Power Research
Heat transfer enhancement from heat sources using optimal design of combined fins heat-sinks
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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
International Middle Eastern Simulation And Modelling Conference 2022, Mesm 2022,
MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE PLATE STRUCTURE REINFORCED WITH HYBRID NANO MATERIALS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Using GPR Technique Assessment for Study the Sub-Grade of Asphalt and Concrete Conditions
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The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is frequently used in pavement engineering
for road pavement inspection. The main objective of this work is to validate
nondestructive, quick and powerful measurements using GPR for assessment of subgrade
and asphalt /concrete conditions. In the present study, two different antennas
(250, 500 MHz) were used. The case studies are presented was carried in University
of Baghdad over about 100m of paved road. After data acquisition and radar grams
collection, they have been processed using RadExplorer V1.4 software
implementing different filters with the most effective ones (time zero adjustment and
DC removal) in addition to other interpretation tool parameters.
The interpretatio

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 20 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Biosynthesis, Characterization, Adsorption and Antimicrobial studies of Manganese oxide Nanoparticles Using Punica Granatum Extract
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Manganese sulfate and Punica granatum plant extract were used to create MnO2 nanoparticles, which were then characterized using techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystal's size was calculated to be 30.94nm by employing the Debye Scherrer equation in X-ray diffraction. MnO2 NPs were shown to be effective in adsorbing M(II) = Co, Ni, and Cu ions, proving that all three metal ions may be removed from water in one go. Ni(II) has a higher adsorption rate throughout the board. Co, Ni, and Cu ion removal efficiencies were 32.79%, 75

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 02 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Estimation of the Rock Mechanical Properties Using Conventional Log Data in North Rumaila Field
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Hydrocarbon production might cause changes in dynamic reservoir properties. Thus the consideration of the mechanical stability of a formation under different conditions of drilling or production is a very important issue, and basic mechanical properties of the formation should be determined. There is considerable evidence, gathered from laboratory measurements in the field of Rock Mechanics, showing a good correlation between intrinsic rock strength and the dynamic elastic constant determined from sonic-velocity and density measurements. The values of the mechanical properties determined from log data, such as the dynamic elastic constants derived from the measurement of the elastic wave velocities in the material, should be more accurate t

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 17 2019
Journal Name
Biochemical & Cellular Archives
EVALUATION OF THE POTASSIUM AVAILABILITY IN THE SALINE SOILS USING THE TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL CRITERION
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Approximate Solution of Delay Differential Equations Using the Collocation Method Based on Bernstien Polynomials???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????
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In this paper a modified approach have been used to find the approximate solution of ordinary delay differential equations with constant delay using the collocation method based on Bernstien polynomials.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparation of Unsaturated Polyester Nanocomposites and Studying Their Mechanical Properties Using some Inorganic Additives
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In this study three inorganic nano additives, namely; CaCO3, Al2O3 and SiO2 were used to prepare nanocomposites of unsaturated polyester in order to modify their mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, elongation, impact and hardness. The results indicated that all the three additives were effective to improve the mechanical properties up to 4% by weight. The effectiveness of them follows the order : CaCO3 > Al2O3 > SiO2 This is due to their particle size in which CaCO3 (13nm), Al2O3 (20-30nm) and SiO2 (15-20nm).

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Manufacturing Perforated and Ordinary Bricks Using Injana Claystone Exposed in The Middle of Iraq
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This study aims to use claystone beds exposed in the Injana Formation (Late Miocene) at Karbala-Najaf plateau, middle of Iraq for the manufacturing of perforated and ordinary bricks. The claystone samples were assessed as an alternative material of the recent sediments, which are preferred to remain as agricultural land. The claystones are sandy mud composing of 29.1 - 39.1% clay, 37.2 - 54.8% silt and 14.1-26.8% sand. They consist of kaolinite, illite, chlorite, palygorskite, and montmorillonite with a lot of quartz, calcite, dolomite, gypsum and feldspar. Claystone samples were characterized by linear shrinkage 0.01 - 0.1%, volume shrinkage 0.1 - 0.9%, bulk density 1.2 - 2.11gm/cm3 (1.68 g / cm3 average), and the efflorescence is

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