In this work, Titanium oxide thin films doped with different concentration of CuO (0,5,10, 15,20) %wt were prepared by pulse laser deposition(PLD) technique on glass substrates at room temperature with constant deposition parameter such as : pulse (Nd:YAG), laser with λ=1064 nm, constant energy 800 mJ , repetition rate 6 Hz and No. of pulse (500). The structure , optical and electrical properties were studied . The results of X-ray diffraction( XRD) confirmed that the film grown by this technique have good crystalline tetragonal mixed anatase and rutile phase structure, The preferred orientation was along (110) direction for Rutile phase. The optical properties of the films were studied by UV-VIS spectrum in the range of (360-1100) nm. The optical transmission results show that the maximum transmission over than ~ 48% for pure TiO 2 films and decreases to ~ 30% with increasing the CuO content to 20%wt .The optical energy for pure TiO 2 film was about 3.212eV and decreases to 3.13eVwith increasing of concentration. The results of PL emission at RT shows that there are two peaks positioned around 386 nm and 396 nm for predominated peak and795 nm and 810 for the small peaks. DC measurements show that as the increasing of film concentration lead to increase the conductivity , while the values of activation energy (E a1 ,E a2 ) decrease. Hall effect measurements show that all films have n- type charge carriers and the carriers concentration increases while the mobility decreases with increasing the CuO content.
A modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with a Beddington-DeAngelis functional response is proposed and studied. The purpose is to examine the effects of fear and quadratic fixed effort harvesting on the system's dynamic behavior. The model's qualitative properties, such as local equilibria stability, permanence, and global stability, are examined. The analysis of local bifurcation has been studied. It is discovered that the system experiences a saddle-node bifurcation at the survival equilibrium point whereas a transcritical bifurcation occurs at the boundary equilibrium point. Additionally established are the prerequisites for Hopf bifurcation existence. Finally, using MATLAB, a numerical investigation is conducted to verify t
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Abstract : A research was conducted to study the process parameters affecting hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) (carcinogenic compound) the removal percentage from the electrical industries company waste water that contain 88 mg/l of Cr (VI) concentration by adsorption onto tea wastes. Synthetic water with 88 mg/l Cr (VI) concentration was used. Several operation parameters affecting Cr (VI) removal efficiency were investigated, such as pH, initial Cr (VI) concentration, stirring time and tea wastes dose. The experimental results reveal that maximum Cr (VI) removal reached up to 94.26% at pH of 2, stirring time of 180 minute, tea wastes do
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The topic of the research tagged (narrative structure and its impact on building open and closed endings in the fictional film) is summarized by studying the mechanism of employing closed and open endings in the fictional film. novelist, then the need for it, as well as the objectives of the research and clarifying its limits as well as its importance. Then moving to the theoretical framework, which included three topics, where the first topic was entitled (the cinematic construction of the film narrative), either the second topic (the structure of complexity and narrative solutions), or the third topic dealt with the subject (the structure of the end and its relationship to the construction of the narrative). After completing the theore
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The effect of α-particle irradiation on the optical absorption in nuclear track detectors (LR115) has been studied. These detectors have been irradiated with different doses. The optical absorption has been measured using the ultraviolet-visible (UV-1100) spectroscopy, that irradiation results in shifting the peaks of the optical absorption. The values of Urbach energy have been calculated from the position of steady-state optical band gap energy, for a standard sample which was unirradiated with indirect influence, has been found 1.9 eV whereas its value after irradiation 1.98 eV. In case of the direct influence, it is found to be, respectively, before irradiation 1.98 eV and after irradiation 2.05 eV. From these results, we can
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Colloidal crystals (opals) made of close-packed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were fabricated and grown by Template-Directed methods to obtain porous materials with well-ordered periodicity and interconnected pore systems to manufacture photonic crystals. Opals were made from aqueous suspensions of monodisperse PMMA spheres with diameters between 280 and 415 nm. SEM confirmed the PMMA spheres crystallized uniformly in a face-centered cubic (FCC) array. Optical properties of synthesized pores PMMA were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy. It shows that the colloidal crystals possess pseudo photonic band gaps in the visible region. A combination of Bragg’s law of diffraction and Snell’s law of refraction were used to calculate t
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Abstract:
Through the research, I have briefly discussed the life of Imam Ali and
indicated the interpretation of the Qur'an by language and terminology, the
importance and characteristics of Sahabas', may Allah be pleased with them,
interpretation of the Qur'an. Also, the sayings of Imam Ali, wich included the
explanatory interpretation of the Qur'an by the Qura'n, Sunnah, language, and
correct opinion. I have also indicated the reasons of the Quran's revelation
and the readings of the Qura'n that had been received from him including the
interpretive meaning these readings revealed. Finally, I concluded my
research with the most important results and recommends.
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