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The grey system model GM(1,1) is the model of the prediction of the time series and the basis of the grey theory. This research presents the methods for estimating parameters of the grey model GM(1,1) is the accumulative method (ACC), the exponential method (EXP), modified exponential method (Mod EXP) and the Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO). These methods were compared based on the Mean square error (MSE) and the Mean Absolute percentage error (MAPE) as a basis comparator and the simulation method was adopted for the best of the four methods, The best method was obtained and then applied to real data. This data represents the consumption rate of two types of oils a heavy fuel (HFO) and diesel fuel (D.O) and the use of tests to conf

Comparison is the most common and effective technique for human thinking: the human mind always judges something new based on its comparison with similar things that are already known. Therefore, literary comparisons are always clear and convincing. In our daily lives, we are constantly forced to compare different things in terms of quantity, quality, or other aspects. It is known that comparisons are used in literature in order for speech to be clear and effective, but when these comparisons are used in everyday speech, it is in order to convey the meaning directly and quickly, because many of these expressions used daily are comparisons. In our research, we discussed this comparison as a means of metaphor and expression in Russia

تكمن اهمية البحث في التعرف على مستوى التنوع الثقافي التي يتمتع بها مدراء المدارس الثانوية واهميته بالنسبة لمدرسي التربية الرياضية  ودورهم الفعال والاساسي في البيئة المدرسية  ودور مدير المدرسة بخلق جو من الابداع والتميز وحب التعاون بين المدرسين في المدارس الثانوية ،وتركزت مشكلة البحث من خلال اطلاع الباحثتان على بعض المراجع و الدراسات السابقة التي تخص بموضوع البحث لاحظا في الآونة الأخيرة  تراجع في أداء

The present study aims at investigating the effect of “FLOW” strategy is a creative thinking strategy on developing EFL learners' writing achievements. The sample of the study was ninety Iraqi college students. Their performance was assessed on the pre and post achievement test in both experimental group 45 taught by “FLOW” strategy and control 45 taught traditionally. A test was designed and exposed to jury of experts for ascertaining its validity. The reliability coefficient of the test was 0.89 by using Cronbach Alpha Formula. The collected testing papers were analyzed by using T-test. It is found that there are significant differences between the two groups. This indicates that teaching writing a composition by using