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Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Broccoli Plants Infested with Myzus persicae and Parasitoids Aphidius colemani Attraction
Abstract<p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from uninfested and infested broccoli plant samples with green peach aphid <italic>Myzus persicae</italic> were investigated by headspace solid microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, 25 compounds were identified in uninfested and infested broccoli plants. The HS-SPME combined with GC-MS analysis of the volatiles described the differences between the infested and uninfested broccoli plant samples. Based on peak area from the GC-MS analysis, the VOCs from infested broccoli were significantly greater than that from uninfested broccoli, such as D-limonene, Undecane, 3,4-dimethyl-, Heptane, alpha-Pinene, Oxalic acid, Citronellol, Tridecane, n-Decanoic acid, Cyclopentane, pentyl- and n-Hexadecanoic acid compared with volatiles released from uninfested broccoli. The results of Y-tube olfactometer showed that <italic>Myzus persicae</italic> were significantly attracted by the VOCs released from infested broccoli plants, more than uninfested plants or clean air. The percentage of aphid choice was 70% towards infested broccoli, and 10% were attracted to the clean air choice and uninfested plants. With the comparison between clean air and uninfested plants, the aphids were attracted by 84% for broccoli, while 7% were attracted towards clean air. Comparing between infested and uninfested, the aphid attracted by 26.6% for infested broccoli, versus 30% for uninfested broccoli. The preferences of <italic>Aphidus colemani</italic> to the infested, uninfested plants with <italic>M. persicae</italic> and compared with clean air were measured. The results indicated that parasitoids could discriminate the infested broccoli and significantly respond to the plant odour and attractive by 100% for the parasitoid towards infested broccoli plants.</p>
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 26 2021
Journal Name
Nanomaterials
Solidification Enhancement in a Multi-Tube Latent Heat Storage System for Efficient and Economical Production: Effect of Number, Position and Temperature of the Tubes

Thermal energy storage is an important component in energy units to decrease the gap between energy supply and demand. Free convection and the locations of the tubes carrying the heat-transfer fluid (HTF) have a significant influence on both the energy discharging potential and the buoyancy effect during the solidification mode. In the present study, the impact of the tube position was examined during the discharging process. Liquid-fraction evolution and energy removal rate with thermo-fluid contour profiles were used to examine the performance of the unit. Heat exchanger tubes are proposed with different numbers and positions in the unit for various cases including uniform and non-uniform tubes distribution. The results show that

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THE ATTRACTIONS ELEMENTS OF TELEVISION ADVERTISING AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO CONSUMER PREFERENCE: THE ATTRACTIONS ELEMENTS OF TELEVISION ADVERTISING AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO CONSUMER PREFERENCE

The research aims to study the elements of attraction in television advertising and determine their relationship to consumer preferences, the extent to which the sample (250) watches television advertisements, and the motives for viewing. Males and females, and the statistical program spss was used to analyze the results using percentages, arithmetic mean, correlation coefficients ch2, Pearson’s coefficient and Alpha Cronbach for the stability of the test, and the research came to the conclusion that the percentage of watching television advertisements is good motivated by the identification of new goods and services in the market, as advertisements sometimes achieve consumer preferences, and the most prominent The forms that a

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Study of Matter Density Distributions, Elastic Electron Scattering Form factors and Root Mean Square Radii of 9C, 12N, 23Al, 11Be and 15C Exotic Nuclei

    The ground state densities of neutron-rich (11Be,15C) and proton-rich (9C,12N,23Al) exotic nuclei are investigated using a two-body nucleon density distribution (2BNDD) with two frequency shells model (TFSM). The structure of the valence one-neutron of 11Be is in pure (1p1/2) and of 15C in pure (1d5/2) configuration, while the structure of valence one-proton configuration is in 9C,12N are to be in a pure (1p1/2) and 23Al in a pure  (2s1/2) . For our studied nuclei, an efficient (2BNDD) operator for point nucleon system folded with two-body correlation operator's functions is  u

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis of Mixed Ligand Complexes of M(II) Dithiocarbamato Derivative and 2,2'-bipyridyl and Study their Cytotoxic Effect Against HepG2 Cell Line in vitro

Mixed ligand of Co and Ni (II) complexes were prepared from [5-(p-nitrophenyl)-4/-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-dithiocarbamato hydrazide](TRZ.DTC) as primary ligand and 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy) as a co-ligand with metal salts. These complexes were analytically and spectroscopically characterized in solid state by elemental analyses, flame atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance measurements, as well as by UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Infrared, ultra violet spectra reveal a bidentate coordination of the two ligands with metal ions 1:1:1 mole ratio. Room temperature magnetic moments and solid reflectance spectra data indicate paramagnetic complexes with five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry for nickel (II) comple

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Innovation, Creativity And Change
The techno-strategy of the management information system and its role in enhancing risk management in the general directorate of school and sport activity

The importance of this research lies in shedding light on the concept of techno-strategy for information management from vital and important topics that showed response for change in all areas of life. As this necessitates the updating and changing of it in order to achieve its strategic goals and enhance its technological advantage. The research problem looked at the role of the information technology system (ITS) in enhancing risk management in general directorates for sports and school activity from the viewpoint of its department heads. The research aimed at the relationship of information techno-strategy in risk management and the ratios of the contribution of information techno-strategy in risk management from the viewpoint of heads o

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Unemployment Rates in Iraq and the Extent of the Contribution of Loans Granted by Banks to Finance Small and Medium Enterprises in Reducing Them

This study examined the phenomenon of unemployment in Iraq and the extent of the contribution of these loans granted by banks to finance small and medium enterprises in reducing their rates. The temporal boundaries of the study included the period between (2012-2018). The spatial boundaries consisted of random sampling of six Iraqi banks) Where the government banks included (Rafidain, Rasheed and industrial), private banks included (the Iraqi Islamic Bank and the Gulf Commercial Bank and the Bank of the Middle East). In order to achieve the objective of the research in the light of the hypotheses drawn up, the research divided into three topics, the first section highlighting the reality of small and medium enterprises in Iraq and the lo

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Publication Date
Sun May 22 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
ESTIMATION OF SOME FOOD ADDITIVES AND HEAVY METALS IN SOME ORANGE JUICE.: ESTIMATION OF SOME FOOD ADDITIVES AND HEAVY METALS IN SOME ORANGE JUICE.

The study included examination of three types of different origin and orange juice at the rate of recurring per sample, the results showed that the highest rates of acid (pH) in the A and juice were (4). And salts of calcium is 120 ppm in juice C and 86 ppm of magnesium in the juice B, for heavy metals the highest rate of lead .18 recorded ppm in juice B, 1.32 ppm of copper in juice A, 5 ppm of iron in the juice B, 1.3 ppm of zinc in the juice B, 0.05 ppm of aluminum in each of the sappy B and A, 0.02 ppm of cobalt in the juice B, 0.3 ppm of nickel in the juice B, 170.6 ppm sodium in C juice, but for the acids, organic that the highest rates were 3.2 part Millions of acid in the juice owner a, 260 ppm of the acid in the juice the ascorbi

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Home Economics Specialty and it's role In The success of Family life: Home Economics Specialty and it's role In The success of Family life

مقدمة
تدور الدراسة في علم الاقتصاد المنزلي حول احتیاجات الانسان الضروریة لاستمرار الحیاة ومواقف في محیط
الاسرة وتفاعل مع ظروف البیئة المحیطة بھ .والتي تكون دائمة التغییر لذلك یمكن تعریف علوم وفنون الاقتصاد
المنزلي وفنونھ انھا عبارة عن مجموعة منظمة من المعارف والعلوم تتركز في محور الاسرة والمنزل حیث ینمو
ویتطور الانسان بالعلاقات الانسانیة والنواحي الاقتصادیة والاجتماعیة من جھة والنواحي العلمیة وا

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Establishment of method and the development of the teaching methods in the late abbissid period and it s impact on the contemporary leading methods

Every researcher must say that the world in continually progress toward the best and that
the Arab and Islamic civilization had produced much of systems and virtuous educational
practices which raised from Islamic heritage. This nation was not isolated from external
world, but it was made a clear active for promote the banner of other nations which entered
under her influence to promote Islamic banner and Muslims. Consequently also Muslims are
affected and influenced, this resulted a clear impact in the civilization and educational
ideology especially in the contemporary teaching methods.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 19 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Influence of reactant catalyst type and Drying Control Chemical Additives (DCCA) on optical and structural properties of silica aerogel prepared via ambient pressure drying

We have studied the synthesis environment of ambient pressure silica aerogels influence on their resulting morphological and optical properties. Transparent nanoporous silica aerogel was synthesized at ambient pressure using tetraethylorthosilicate precursor via a sol-gel process. Effect of drying control chemical additives and catalyst on physical properties was investigated. Trimethylchlorolsilane was employed as a hydrophobic reagent in the surface modification process. All aerogel samples were prepared utilizing a subcritical procedure under reactant pH fixed at 8.3, using just ammonium hydroxide or together with ammonium fluoride as catalyst. The effects catalyst types as well as drying control chemical additives on the physical pro

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