Precision is one of the main elements that control the quality of a geodetic network, which defines as the measure of the network efficiency in propagation of random errors. This research aims to solve ZOD and FOD problems for a geodetic network using Rosenbrock Method to optimize the geodetic networks by using MATLAB programming language, to find the optimal design of geodetic network with high precision. ZOD problem was applied to a case study network consists of 19 points and 58 designed distances with a priori deviation equal to 5mm, to determine the best points in the network to consider as control points. The results showed that P55 and P73 having the minimum ellipse of error and considered as control points. FOD problem was applie

In this research study Hardness (shore D), Water absorption,
Flexural, Impact Test, and Fracture Toughness of polymer nano
composites. The polymer nano composites based on unsaturated
polyester resin reinforced with Kevlar fibers (K.F). The samples are
attended by hand lay – up method according to (Rule mixture) for
various volume fractions of unsaturated polyester resin, fiber and
carbon nanotube. The polyester resin was matrix strengthened with
3% volume fraction from Kevlar fiber and (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%)
volume fractions of carbon nanotube. The water absorption, hardness
(shore D), flexural test, impact test and toughness fracture properties
were studied. Results showed that the water absorption increas

The research abstract included introduction and the importance of the research, also included display of the problem represented by weakness for the players when performing some of the basic skills in badminton and the shuttle not reaching to the back corners of the court which gives the player the opportunity to win through applying the pressure on the opponent and make him away from the control center(T) which definitely required level of a collection muscular strength contributed in performance perhaps this related to a number of reasons related with weakness in physical changes especially explosive and characterized by speed forces for the badminton players and be acquainted with them and knowing the extent of their effect in performanc

In this paper, an experimental study of the thermal performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was carried out, to investigate system suitability for the hot climate in Iraq. The system consists of vapor compression unit combined with evacuated tube solar collector and liquid storage tank. A three-way valve was installed after the compressor to control the direction flow of the refrigerant, either to the storage tank or directly to the condenser. The performance parameters were collected by data logger to display and record in the computer by using LabVIEW software. The results show that the average coefficient of performance of hybrid solar air conditioning system (R=1) was about 2.42 to 2.77 and the average p

Abstract:          

                Interest in the topic of prediction has increased in recent years and appeared modern methods such as Artificial Neural Networks models, if these methods are able to learn and adapt self with any model, and does not require assumptions on the nature of the time series. On the other hand, the methods currently used to predict the classic method such as Box-Jenkins may be difficult to diagnose chain and modeling because they assume strict conditions.

PID (proportional-integral-derivative) and Mu controllers are widely used in electro-hydraulic servo systems due to their effectiveness and ease of implementation. This paper explores using particle swarm optimization (PSO) for tuning traditional and robust PID controllers, along with D-K iteration for Mu controller tuning. Three controller types: conventional PID (CPID), robust PID (RPID), and structured singular value controllers are developed, while analyzing multiplicative uncertainty with six uncertain coefficients. Their findings indicated that both PID (CPID and RPID) and Mu controllers maintained system stability. Notably, the Mu controller can handle coefficient uncertainty without a pure integral term, while the RPID controller de

Various speech enhancement Algorithms (SEA) have been developed in the last few decades. Each algorithm has its advantages and disadvantages because the speech signal is affected by environmental situations. Distortion of speech results in the loss of important features that make this signal challenging to understand. SEA aims to improve the intelligibility and quality of speech that different types of noise have degraded. In most applications, quality improvement is highly desirable as it can reduce listener fatigue, especially when the listener is exposed to high noise levels for extended periods (e.g., manufacturing). SEA reduces or suppresses the background noise to some degree, sometimes called noise suppression alg

This study was aimed to find and test biological methods for reducing the aggregation of plastics such as PS in the environment  and study the ability of Greater Wax worms larvae (Galleria mellonella) to eat PS that similar in the its structure to beeswax .Weight loss, morphology changes ,FTIR spectroscopy  and GC-mass analysis were performed which showed changes in chemical properties of the PS due to degradation. In this study  the percentage of weight loss was 33% in the PS treated with G. mellonella. FTIR of PS frass showed the disappearance of aromatic cycle band that was found in the origin PS at region more than 3000 cm-1. Also The PS frass samples from wax worms larvae revealed the creation of a new O-H stretching alcohol

This paper aims to find new analytical closed-forms to the  solutions of the nonhomogeneous functional differential equations of the n^th order with finite and constants delays and various initial delay conditions in terms of elementary functions using Laplace transform method. As well as, the definition of dynamical systems for ordinary differential equations is used to introduce the definition of dynamical systems for delay differential equations which contain multiple delays with a discussion of their dynamical properties: The exponential stability and strong stability

The seasonal behavior of the light curve for selected star SS UMI and EXDRA during outburst cycle is studied. This behavior describes maximum temperature of outburst in dwarf nova. The raw data has been mathematically modeled by fitting Gaussian function based on the full width of the half maximum and the maximum value of the Gaussian. The results of this modeling describe the value of temperature of the dwarf novae star system leading to identify the type of elements that each dwarf nova consisted of.