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Impact of chronic hepatitis B virus infection on bone mineral density
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Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common health problem that has a worldwide distribution. Apart from the direct effect of the virus on the liver, there are many extrahepatic manifestations among which the probable effect on bone turnover associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between treated and untreated chronic HBV infection with BMD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which included a total of 48 patients with chronic HBV (28 patients treated with tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate [TDF] antiviral drug and 20 patients have not yet started treatment). Other age- and sex-matched 30 apparently healthy individuals were recruited to represent the healthy controls. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on the anteroposterior lumbar spine (L1–L4 spine) views, from which T-score was calculated. Liver function tests were also evaluated from serum samples. Results: Treated patients showed a lower T‑score (−0.48 ± 0.72) than either healthy individuals (1.08 ± 0.84) or untreated patients (0.78 ± 0.51), with highly significant differences. In multivariate regression, only disease duration (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 9.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8–16.68) and TDF treatment (adjusted OR = 6.4, 95% CI = 4.18–97.05) were significantly associated with BMD. Conclusions: Prolonged use of TDF in the treatment of HBV infection can significantly reduce BMD. Moreover, BMD can also be inversely affected in long-standing HBV, regardless of treatment regimen.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Density, Viscosity and Refractive Index of the Ternary System (Ethanol + N-Hexane +3-Methyl Pentane) at 20, 30, 40 °C and 101.325 Kpa
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Experimental densities, viscosities η, and refractive indices nD data of the ternary  ethanol+ n-hexane + 3-methyl pentane system have been determined at temperatures 293.15,303.15 and 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure then these properties were calculated theoretically by using mixing rules for densities, viscosities and refractive indices .After that the theoretical data and the experimental data were compared due to the high relative errors in viscosities an equation of viscosity was proposed to decrease the relative errors.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of charge density distributions, elastic charge form factors and root-mean square radii for 4He, 12C and 16O nuclei using Woods- Saxon and harmonic-oscillator potentials
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The nuclear charge density distributions, form factors and
corresponding proton, charge, neutron, and matter root mean square
radii for stable 4He, 12C, and 16O nuclei have been calculated using
single-particle radial wave functions of Woods-Saxon potential and
harmonic-oscillator potential for comparison. The calculations for the
ground charge density distributions using the Woods-Saxon potential
show good agreement with experimental data for 4He nucleus while
the results for 12C and 16O nuclei are better in harmonic-oscillator
potential. The calculated elastic charge form factors in Woods-Saxon
potential are better than the results of harmonic-oscillator potential.
Finally, the calculated root mean square

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
Strategies of brain-based learning theory and its impact on the achievement of students of the Department of Art Education in Teaching Methods
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The aim of the current research is to reveal the effect of using brain-based learning theory strategies on the achievement of Art Education students in the subject of Teaching Methods. The experimental design with two equal experimental and control groups was used. The experimental design with two independent and equal groups was used, and the total of the research sample was (60) male and female students, (30) male and female students represented the experimental group, and (30) male and female students represented the control group. The researcher prepared the research tool represented by the cognitive achievement test consisting of (20) questions, and it was characterized by honesty and reliability, and the experiment lasted (6) weeks

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Ali Al Bazergan and its impact on the intellectual, political and administrative in Iraq 1887-1958 Historical Study
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The historical person study as a personality to the AL- Bazargan, one of the important
studies, is the shed light on the character had an effect of the political life in Iraq, an important
historical era involved many events, coincided with a national and historical by this personal
at the events successive positions that stage of the history of Iraq, especially if we know,
strongly his loyalty to the homeland and the earth, and intense hatred for any occupation or
colonization desecrate the land...
This was evident during his participation and his supervisor in 1920 liberal revolution
against the British occupation, and urged the need for adherence to the principles of
independence, and the emphasis on the nation

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Problematic intervention in the new international order and its impact on international relations - the U.S. role a model
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Intervention in International Relations from the concepts that are still highly
controversial among those he considers a breach of international law and the UN Charter and
in violation of the rule , and those who felt that the need provided, however, that this is linked
motives humanity recognized by the international community , because the international
variables proved the inadequacy of the principle of non-interference and the principle of
sovereignty as the traditional variables international , and therefore most of the international
practice came a bus with many of the behaviors that reflect a decline in its entirety to these
principles , and became adapt these principles with international reality is too compl

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Tikrit University For Humanities
The Egyptian-Chinese Consensus at the Bandung Conference and Its Impact on Strengthening Relations between Them in 1955
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كان المؤتمر الآسيوي الأفريقي الأول الذي عُقد في مدينة باندونغ الاندونيسية عام 1955 هو المؤتمر هو الأول الذي اجتمعت فيه الدول الآسيوية والأفريقية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية. كان مؤتمر باندونغ بمثابة نقطة الانطلاق نحو تأسيس حركة عدم الانحياز، والتي كانت مصر أحد أبرز أقطابها. شهد المؤتمر تقاربا في الآراء ووجهات النظر بين جمهورية مصر العربية وجمهورية الصين الشعبية، لا سيّما وإن الحكومة المصرية كانت قد تبنت س

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 13 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Lifestyle And Sdgs Review
Advancing SDG: Towards Effective Sustainability Reporting for Green Universities Via XBRL and Its Impact on Green Auditing Quality
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Objective: This study aims to examine how implementing Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) enhances the efficiency and quality of environmental audits and sustainability reporting in eco-friendly universities. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), the study emphasizes promoting transparency and precision in sustainability reporting to encourage responsible management of resources within academic institutions.   Theoretical Framework: The importance of our study is evident in the importance of accurate and transparent reports in the development of environmental performance with theories of sustainable reporting and environmental auditing. One of the most important digital

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 29 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Impact of Electronic Games on the Increase of School Dropout among Students in the Basic Stage in Jordan from their teachers’ Perspective
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The study aims to identify the impact of electronic games on increasing the dropout rate among students in the basic stage in Jordan from their teachers’ point of view. The study adopted a descriptive survey method. Its community consisted of all fe(male) teachers of the basic stage in public and private schools, (First Amman, Irbid, and special education in Zarqa and Amman). The electronic questionnaire was used as a tool for the study. The results have shown that the effect of electronic games on increasing the dropout rate among students in the basic stage in Jordan was high. Besides, there are statistically significant differences due to the gender variable for males. There are statistically significant differences due to the varia

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 18 2022
Journal Name
Arab World English Journal For Translation & Literary Studiesissn: 2550-1542 |www.awej-tls.org17awej For Translation & Literary Studies,
The impact of landscape on the emotional shift in Tayo’s Character: A Study of memory and displacement in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony
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This paper examines the decolonizing methods used by Leslie Marmon Silko in her novel Ceremony (1977) to heal the indigenous people from the patriarchal traditions of the white hegemony. This study aims to emphasize the vulnerable responses of the Pueblo people to the memories of the clan and to highlight Silko’s methods to sustain the history and lifestyle of the indigenous people. Therefore, Silko’s novel can be situated historically and culturally within memory-studies. To analyze the contrasting behaviors of characters, this paper projects the relationship between the collective patriarchal doctrines and that of the individual within the framework of memory studies. Theories of Jan and Aleida Assmann are used here to explore the

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Monitoring Changes in the Spectral Reflectivity of Baghdad City and the Impact of the Atmospheric Elements on it using R.S and GIS
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Abstract<p>Climate change in recent years has greatly affected the distribution of ground covers. Monitoring these changes has become very easy due to the development of remote sensitivity science and the use of satellites to monitor these changes. The aim of this research is to monitor changes in the spectral reflectivity of the Baghdad governorate center for the month (March, June, September, December) of the year 2021 using remote sensing and satellite images Sentinel 2 and knowing the climate imact on them. Fifty-one samples were selected for four types of ground cover (agricultural land, water, buildings and open space) and their spectral reflectivity was calculated using satellite images. </p> ... Show More
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