Background: Alcohol remains the single most significant cause of liver disease throughout the Western world, responsible for between 40 and 80% of cases of cirrhosis in different countries. Many of the factors underlying the development of alcoholic liver injury remain unknown, and significant questions remain about the value of even very basic therapeutic strategies.
Patients and Methods: In a cross sectional study, 113 alcoholic patients with evidence of liver disease in the absence of other significant etiology attending the Gastoenterorology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital between December 2001 and December 2003 were studied for the hematological and biochemical spectrum of alcoholic liver disease in

 ٳن العلاقة بين التخطيط والتنمية، تكتسب᾽ شكلها وطبيعتها من خلال دور التخطيط في ٳخضاع عملية التغيير والتحوّل للأوضاع الاقتصادية من وضع الى وضع آخر أكثر تقدما̋ عن طريق ٳعتماد منهج التخطيط لتحديد معالم خطوط السير المجدول زمنيا̋ لعملية التغيير والتحوّل وفقا̋ لرؤية الحكومة وفلسفتها باتجاه الانتقال من وضع ٳقتصادي وٳجتماعي متخلف الى وضع ٳقتصادي وٳجتماعي آخر يسمح بجعل عملية النمو مستمرة، ويمكن تبيّن تلك

In this paper, two of the local search algorithms are used (genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization), in scheduling number of products (n jobs) on a single machine to minimize a multi-objective function which is denoted as  (total completion time, total tardiness, total earliness and the total late work). A branch and bound (BAB) method is used for comparing the results for (n) jobs starting from (5-18). The results show that the two algorithms have found the optimal and near optimal solutions in an appropriate times.

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على السياسات اإلاسرائيلية المتبعة على الارض والمتمثلة في االاستيطان
الاستعماري والطرق التفافية، ومصادرة الاراضي وجدار الضم والتوسع العنصري، بالاضافة إلى التصنيف
الاداري للمناطق في الضفة الغربية حسب ما جاء في اتفاقية أوسلو، والتي من شأنها التأثير على تلك
المناطق، وال سيما قطاع اإلسكان الذي يعد من أهم القطاعات التي تتر كب وبالتحديد في منطقة الدراسة،
وسوف تحاول هذه الدراسة تس

      Let  R  be a commutative ring  with identity  and  E  be a unitary left  R – module .We introduce  and study the concept Weak Pseudo – 2 – Absorbing submodules as  generalization of weakle – 2 – Absorbing submodules , where a proper submodule  A of  an  R – module  E is  called  Weak Pseudo – 2 – Absorbing  if   0 ≠ rsx   A   for  r, s  R , x  E , implies that  rx   A + soc ( E ) or  sx  A + soc (E)  or   rs  [ A + soc ( E ) E ]. Many basic  properties, char

The environment, in its various aspects, is the center of international concern, as it constitutes a common heritage of all humanity, as it has become a common denominator in relation to various issues and problems of an economic, social and cultural nature, and due to the development of public international law, new concepts have emerged that were not previously noticed as the concept of the rights of future generations, As this concept is closely related to the protection of the environment and reality in the field of environmental law, the idea of ​​the rights of future generations has been explicitly defined, especially in international law that is formed with the idea of ​​a common heritage of humanity that must be preserved

The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) describes an indoor space condition that the wellbeing and comfortability are provided for the users. Many researchers have highlighted the importance of adopting IEQ criteria, although they are not yet well defined in the Kurdistan region. However, environmental quality is not necessary for the contemporary buildings of the Kurdistan Region, and there is no measurement tool in the Region. This research aims to develop an IEQ assessment tool for the Kurdistan region using Mixed method methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. Therefore, a Delphi Technique was used as a method initially developed as systematic, interactive forecasting on a panel of experts. Thirty-five Delphi C

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and upon his family and companions as a whole.
    The topic of attention was drawn to the attention of the speakers, as it made me ponder it carefully, and my goal in that is to know the reason for the interest of the speakers and their care for it, and to clarify from their books the purpose of making this topic one of the advanced investigations with them.

     The idea of ​​writing a paper on the subject of consideration was not absent from my thinking, because I saw the attention of speakers on this issue, as they made it one of the first issues that they deal with studying in their work

     International responsibility rises against the United Nations Organization for the actions of the Security Council according to the theory of risks, in the event that ships, submarines and aircraft carriers that operate with nuclear energy are launched against countries that violate the provisions of Chapter VII the Charter  of the United Nations, considering that the Council's actions here are considered as internationally legitimate acts of exceptional risks that the Council may resort to it in order to ensure the speed and effectiveness referred to in Article (11 / Paragraph 2) of the charter and to keep pace with developments in modern technology.

      In this study, different methods were used for estimating location parameter  and scale parameter for extreme value distribution, such as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) , method of moment  estimation (ME),and approximation  estimators based on percentiles which is called white method in estimation, as the extreme value distribution is one of exponential distributions. Least squares estimation (OLS) was used, weighted least squares estimation (WLS), ridge regression estimation (Rig), and adjusted ridge regression estimation (ARig) were used. Two parameters for expected value to the percentile  as estimation for distribution f