The steady 3-D raw water turbulent flow is numerically investigated. This flow is formed of solid silica sand (quartz) carried by water in stainless steel pipe. The flow in a straight pipe and flow in a pipe with a sudden contraction are analyzed using a two-way coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. Erosion rate is estimated by Oka erosion model combined with the constant coefficient of restitution. The effect of solid particles mass flow rate, inlet velocity, particle diameter, internal pipe diameter, orientation, contraction coefficient, and wall pipe contraction angle on erosion rate are examined. The predicted erosion is distributed homogenously for straight pipe, while the step wall area of the contraction is the most eroded part. The

When industrial and  constructional renaissance started in the world, the great interest was going on towards the equipment’s,  which was the first mean for production. After industry was settled the interest was going on towards the men ship which manpower on which the production depends. It was approved that it represents the basic part in all of the processes and the protection of those individuals against dangers of these equipment’s, industry and its accidents was the basic things which was studied in many researches until it crystallized in general principles for all industries and other take care in each industry.

     The professional safety is concerned as restrict which

Abstract

Toady technology Nano since it launched human Alivia third interest and anticipation unusual and that by the decision-makers in the world's governments and its institutions and research departments productivity, especially after the US Congress enact a law (the National Initiative for Tknlojba nanotechnology in the United States of America) and the allocation of large sums of money To support this initiative, the research aims to shed light on the concept of technology nanotechnology, which is technology atheist and the twentieth century, and reflect its economic importance and in order to reach the objectives of the research has been the division of research into several axes has been allocated

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) has long been recognized as a technology that provides future proof bandwidth [1], but has generally been too expensive to implement on a wide scale. However, reductions in the cost of electro-optic components and improvements in the handling of fiber optics now make FTTH a cost effective solution in many situations. The transition to FTTH in the access network is also a benefit for both consumers and service providers because it opens up the near limitless capacity of the core long-haul network to the local user. In this paper individual passive optical components, transceivers, and fibers has been put together to form a complete FTTH network. Then the implementation of the under construction Baghdad/Al

In today's world, most business, regardless of size, believe that access to Internet is imperative if they are going to complete effectively. Yet connecting a private computer (or a network) to the Internet can expose critical or confidential data to malicious attack from anywhere in the world since unprotected connections to the Internet (or any network topology) leaves the user computer vulnerable to hacker attacks and other Internet threats. Therefore, to provide high degree of protection to the network and network's user, Firewall need to be used.

Firewall provides a barrier between the user computer and the Internet (i.e. it prevents unauthor

PV connected systems are worldwide installed because it allows consumer to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid. This paper presents the results obtained from monitoring a 1.1 kWp. The system was monitored for nine months and all the electricity generated was fed to the fifth floor for physics and renewable energy building   220 V, 50 Hz. Monthly, and daily performance parameters of the PV system are evaluated which include: average generated of system Ah per day, average system efficiency, solar irradiation around these months. The average generated kWh per day was 8 kWh/day, the average solar irradiation per day was 5.6 kWh/m²/day, the average inverter efficiency was 95%, the average modules efficien

This study focuses on studying the effect of reinforced steel in detail, and steel reinforcement (tensile ratio, compression ratio, size, and joint angle shape) on the strength of reinforced concrete (compressive strength) Fc' and searching for the most accurate details of concrete divisions, their behavior, and corner resistance of reinforced concrete joint. The comparison of this paper with previous studies, especially in the studied properties. The conclusions of the chapter are summarized that these effects had a clear effect and a specific effect on the behavior and resistance of the reinforced concrete corner joints under the negative moments and under their influence and the resulting stress conditions. The types of defects that can

This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for extracting basil seed gum in addition to determine the chemical components of basil seeds. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the effect of the mixing ratio of gum to ethanol when deposited on the basis of the gum yield which was1:1, 1:2, 1:3 (v/v) respectively. The best mixing ratio was one size of gum to two sizes of ethanol, which recorded the highest yield. Based on the earlier, the optimal conditions for extracting basil seed gum in different levels which included pH, temperature, mixing ratio seeds: water and the soaking duration were studied. The optimal conditions were: pH 8, temperature of 60°C, mixing ratio seeds: water 1:65 (w/v) and soaking duration of 30 min

Sustainable plant protection and the economy of plant crops worldwide depend heavily on the health of agriculture. In the modern world, one of the main factors influencing economic growth is the quality of agricultural produce. The need for future crop protection and production is growing as disease-affected plants have caused considerable agricultural losses in several crop categories. The crop yield must be increased while preserving food quality and security and having the most negligible negative environmental impact. To overcome these obstacles, early discovery of satisfactory plants is critical. The use of Advances in Intelligent Systems and information computer science effectively helps find more efficient and low-cost solutions. Thi