Position control of servo motor systems is a challenging task because of inevitable factors such as uncertainties, nonlinearities, parametric variations, and external perturbations. In this article, to alleviate the above issues, a practical adaptive fast terminal sliding mode control (PAFTSMC) is proposed for better tracking performance of the servo motor system by using a state observer and bidirectional adaptive law. First, a smooth-tangent-hyperbolic-function-based practical fast terminal sliding mode control (PFTSM) surface is designed to ensure not only fast finite time tracking error convergence but also chattering reduction. Second, the PAFTSMC is proposed for the servo motor, in which a two-way adaptive law is designed to further suppress the chattering and overestimation problems. More importantly, the proposed adaptive technique can update the switching gain according to the system uncertainties, which can provide high gain in the reaching phase and then decrease to the smallest value in the sliding phase to avoid the monotonically increasing gain that exists in most adaptation methods. Third, the finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, the simulation studies and experimental tests verify the effectiveness of the proposed control in terms of better tracking, strong robustness, and reduced chattering, compared to existing algorithms.
The aim of this work is to develop an axi-symmetric two dimensional model based on a coupled simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Lagrangian method to predict the air flow patterns and drying of particles. Then using this predictive tool to design more efficient spray dryers. The approach to this is to model what particles experience in the drying chamber with respect to air temperature and humidity. These histories can be obtained by combining the particles trajectories with the air temperature/humidity pattern in the spray dryer. Results are presented and discussed in terms of the air velocity, temperature, and humidity profiles within the chambers and compared for drying of a 42.5% solids solution in a spray chamber
... Show MoreGumbel distribution was dealt with great care by researchers and statisticians. There are traditional methods to estimate two parameters of Gumbel distribution known as Maximum Likelihood, the Method of Moments and recently the method of re-sampling called (Jackknife). However, these methods suffer from some mathematical difficulties in solving them analytically. Accordingly, there are other non-traditional methods, like the principle of the nearest neighbors, used in computer science especially, artificial intelligence algorithms, including the genetic algorithm, the artificial neural network algorithm, and others that may to be classified as meta-heuristic methods. Moreover, this principle of nearest neighbors has useful statistical featu
... Show MoreThe extracting of personal sprite from the whole image faced many problems in separating the sprite edge from the unneeded parts, some image software try to automate this process, but usually they couldn't find the edge or have false result. In this paper, the authors have made an enhancement on the use of Canny edge detection to locate the sprite from the whole image by adding some enhancement steps by using MATLAB. Moreover, remove all the non-relevant information from the image by selecting only the sprite and place it in a transparent background. The results of comparing the Canny edge detection with the proposed method shows improvement in the edge detection.
A new approach for baud time (or baud rate) estimation of a random binary signal is presented. This approach utilizes the spectrum of the signal after nonlinear processing in a way that the estimation error can be reduced by simply increasing the number of the processed samples instead of increasing the sampling rate. The spectrum of the new signal is shown to give an accurate estimate about the baud time when there is no apriory information or any restricting preassumptions. The performance of the estimator for random binary square waves perturbed by white Gaussian noise and ISI is evaluated and compared with that of the conventional estimator of the zero crossing detector.
AR Al-Heany BSc, PKESMD MSc., PSAANBS PhD, APAANMD MSc., DDV, FICMS., IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), 2014 - Cited by 14
In this paper, we introduce three robust fuzzy estimators of a location parameter based on Buckley’s approach, in the presence of outliers. These estimates were compared using the variance of fuzzy numbers criterion, all these estimates were best of Buckley’s estimate. of these, the fuzzy median was the best in the case of small and medium sample size, and in large sample size, the fuzzy trimmed mean was the best.
Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process of treating polluted water where sacrificial anode corrodes to produce active coagulant (usually aluminum or iron cations) into solution. Accompanying electrolytic reactions evolve gas (usually as hydrogen bubbles). The present study investigates the removal of phenol from water by this method. A glass tank with 1 liter volume and two electrodes were used to perform the experiments. The electrode connected to a D.C. power supply. The effect of various factors on the removal of phenol (initial phenol concentration, electrode size, electrodes gab, current density, pH and treatment time) were studied. The results indicated that the removal efficiency decreased as initial phenol concentration
... Show MoreNahrawan clay deposits lies in Diyala governorate , 65 Km, NE of Baghdad , according to the previous work in this field, in which they study the reserve belong to category of investigation ( C2 & C1 ) , we choice the proper area to investigation of category (B) with drill net( 200x 200m ) to rise the amount of reserve. The investigation work included drilling (116) boreholes of total depth ranges from (10.0-12.55m) , showed mainly clayey and silty deposits with little sand , and the typical borehole (648) represents all types of sediment in the area , and most of boreholes without sandy deposits , and all of these deposits is Quaternary sediment which is consist of two main sedimentary cycles ( the Pleistocene & Holocene ) . Chemical a
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