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LOW-‎COST SOIL ‎MOISTURE SENSORS’ ASSESSMENT FOR THEIR ACCURACY AFTER CALIBRATION THROUGH THE ‎GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
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The existing study aimed to assess four soil moisture sensors’ capacitive (WH51 and SKU: S EN0193) and resistive (Yl69 and IC Station) abilities, which are affordable and medium-priced for their accuracy in six common soil types in the central region of Iraq. The readings’ calibration for the soil moisture sensor devices continued through two gravimetric methods. The first depended on the protocols’ database, while the second was the traditional calibration method. The second method recorded the lowest analysis error compared with the first. The moderate-cost sensor WH51 showed the lowest standard error (SE), MAD , and RMSE and the highest R² in both methods. The performance accuracy of WH51 was close to readings shown by the manufacturing company (1%), as the MAD amounted to 1.62%. Through both methods, the average MAD for sensors ranged from 4.76% to 7.36%, with this result considered acceptable, especially for low-cost sensors with insufficient available information for accuracy. In general, the average mean absolute percentage (MAPE) for all sensors was 25.54%, which means that the validity of the measurement for the l ow-cost sensors reached 7 5%. It encourages their use by plant breeders in irrigation, as the error rate was less than the specified depletion of 50% for available water in irrigation, where all study textures showed that the sensor reading reached the limits of 72 (±2), adopting 3% MAD for all sensors. The study affirms that, except for the IC station sensor recommended for irrigation use only in sandy-sandy loam soils, low-cost sensors have suitable accuracy for irrigation management.

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Publication Date
Tue May 14 2024
Journal Name
European Journal Of Dentistry
The Potential Role of Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Low-Density Neutrophils in Periodontitis
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Abstract<p> Objective Neutrophils own an arsenal of dischargeable chemicals that enable them to handle bacterial challenges, manipulating innate immune response and actual participation in acquired immunity. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the most important chemicals that neutrophils discharge to eradicate pathogens. Despite their beneficial role, the ROS were strongly correlated to periodontal tissue destruction. Lowdensity neutrophils (LDN) have been recognized for producing enhanced quantities of ROS. However, the potential role of ROS produced by LDN in periodontitis is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ROS produced by LDN in periodontal diseases.</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Identify indicators of climate change through the analysis of the amount of rain in Iraq
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United nation determined many basic climatic effects which affect the crust of Earth.
And the most important one is the climatic change and its effect on environmental, economic,
social, and political effects. So, the amount of rain which is considered as one of climatic
changes in Iraq should be studied.So, this research explains the factors which affect rain, its
overall average, the variation in the amounts of rain, the amount of yearly rain and variation
in both yearly and monthly rains by using standard variation and yearly fluctuation.As a
result, it is concluded that the number of rainy days doesn't mean an increase in rains amount.
And there's variation in rains amount in all study areas which is contrastive

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 14 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
A critical reading of the artworks of Saudi artists through the theory of Erwin Panofsky
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This study deals with the subject of art criticism by using Erwin Panofsky's theory to analyze a few Saudi artists' works. The study aims to identify Panofsky's theory and provide criticism of some Saudi artworks using it. The importance of the study is that it enriches the field of art criticism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and helps critics and artists in using Panofsky’s theory to analyze artworks.
The study sample consists of six artworks produced in 2021 by six contemporary Saudi artists. In the theoretical section, the study dealt with several topics; first, is art criticism, the second part presents Panofsky’s theory with its three stages, the final part deals with the beginning of Saudi art until present time and its

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Reading beauty through the views of philosophers and its reflection in graphic design
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The creative production of the philosophy of beauty in artistic works constitutes a step towards development and progress by meeting the growing and changing needs of humanity according to various factors, including those related to the human situation and others related to technical outputs, as well as the multiplicity of the field for the emergence of new artistic currents and movements concerned with graphic production and communication and communication processes that It is associated with imagination and freedom from social and cultural constraints, in which the design production seeks to link more realistic intellectual contents with the achievements of the creative artwork as a communication system to involve the recipient (the vi

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Efficient Intrusion Detection Through the Fusion of AI Algorithms and Feature Selection Methods
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With the proliferation of both Internet access and data traffic, recent breaches have brought into sharp focus the need for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) to protect networks from more complex cyberattacks. To differentiate between normal network processes and possible attacks, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) often employ pattern recognition and data mining techniques. Network and host system intrusions, assaults, and policy violations can be automatically detected and classified by an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Using Python Scikit-Learn the results of this study show that Machine Learning (ML) techniques like Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) can enhance the effectiveness of an Intrusi

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Opcion
Enhancing islamic concepts through English children’s literature: Al-Ibtila, the test of patience
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Allah, in his Holy Quran introduced great prophet stories so as to learn from. The greatness of these stories lies in Allah himself being the author. He portrays his characters, lays the plot, defines the tests and Al- Ibtilla, provides ways of being patient, using Duaa to end all hard tests and generously describing the greatness of his rewards to all those who are patient. The purpose of this research is to study selected English prophet stories for children on three levels, the stories ability to convey lessons and Islamic teachings to children who do not speak Arabic, the stories portray the Islamic concept of patience, the teaching and learning styles andstrategies that Allah uses with each prophet. The concept of patience is defined a

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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2017
Journal Name
The Journal Of Immunology
Resveratrol improves a murine model of asthma through alterations in the gut microbiome
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Abstract<p>Asthma is a condition characterized by bronchial spasms, inflammation, and mucous hypersecretion which leads to difficulties in respiration. Asthmatic patients are usually presented with recurrent attacks of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath which could be life-threatening. More than three million cases of asthma in the United States are diagnosed annually. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene, is known to be useful in controlling asthmatic attacks via different molecular mechanisms within the lung epithelium and infiltrating immune cells. However, few studies mentioned the effect of resveratrol on the microbiome in ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. In this study, we ind</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Oct 28 2022
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The impact of the US military variable in reality Security in the Arab Gulf region after 2003
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The military presence in the Gulf region after the British withdrawal from it in 1971 was one of the most important pillars of the American strategy to climb the ladder of global leadership, as the geostrategic features that the region enjoyed provided factors of controlling energy sources and global trade routes. The United States of America guarantees Western Europe and Japan the process of access to energy sources and the exclusion of its opponents from the region, especially the Soviet Union, and the growing American military presence in the Gulf after the invasion of Iraq in 2003. On the other hand, the region experiences many contradictions, some of which threaten its security, such as the exacerbation of disputes between its count

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 04 2023
Journal Name
Aip Conf. Proc
Double LA-transform and their properties for solving partial differential equations
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 08 2017
Journal Name
Neural Computing And Applications
A new algorithm of modified binary particle swarm optimization based on the Gustafson-Kessel for credit risk assessment
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