In this work, the finite element analysis of moving coordinates has been used to study the thermal behavior of the tissue subjected to both continuous wave and pulsed CO2 laser. The results are compared with previously published data, and a good agreement has been found, which verifies the implemented theory. Some conclusions are obtained; As pulse width decreases, or repetition rate increases, or fluence increases then the char depth is decreased which can be explained by an increase in induced energy or its rate, which increases the ablation rate, leading to a decrease in char depth. Thus: An increase in the fluence or decreasing pulse width or increasing repetition rate will increase ablation rate, which will increase the depth of cut

Existence of these soils, sometimes with high gypsum content, caused difficult problems to the buildings and strategic projects due to dissolution and leaching of gypsum by the action of waterflow through soil mass. In this research, a new technique is adopted to investigate the performance of replacement and geosynthetic reinforcement materials to improve the gypseous soil behavior through experimential set up manufactured loaclally specially for this work. A series of tests were carried out using steel container (600*600*500) mm. A square footing (100*100) mm was placed at the center of the top surface of the bed soil. The results showed that the most effective thickness for the dune sand layer with geotextile at the interface, within

Mass transfer has been studied at rotating cylinder electrodes fabricated with spiral-wound woven-wire meshes using reduction of copper as a test reaction. The experimental data were correlated by an empirical expression between the Sherwood number and the Reynolds number, both regarding the hydraulic diameter as a characteristic length. It was found that the Sherwood number was dependent upon the Reynolds number to the power of 0.521. An enhancement factor was adopted to compare the efficiency of the new rotating cylinder electrode with previous three-dimensional rotating cylinder electrodes. The results showed that the new type has a mass-transfer enhancement factor 2.3 times higher than those obtained with smooth rotating cylinder electr

An oil spillage has been a great threat to human life in parts of Koya district, especially through the contamination of domestic water. An attempt was made to find and map the extent of pollution in the area. According to a field survey, more than 17 springs and 34 hand-dug and artesian wells have been contaminated with crude oil. The contamination was recorded recently after loading began of tens of oil tankers in the Taq-Taq oil field, and as a result hundred barrels of oil have spilled into the creeks and soil daily. Hence, 2D resistivity imaging was adopted via four laid-out traverses running normal to the strike of the outcrops. A Wenner-Schlumberger array configuration was used to achieve both vertical and lateral resistivity dist

An experimental model is used to simulate the loss of soil lateral confinement due to excavation nearby an individual axially loaded pile. The effects of various parameters, such as the horizontal distance of excavation, depth of excavation and pile slenderness ratios are investigated. The experimental analysis results showed the effect of excavation is more remarkable as the horizontal distance of excavation becomes closer to the pile than half pile length. The effect of excavation diminishes gradually as the horizontal distance increases beyond that distance for all the investigated pile slenderness ratios and depths of excavation. The pile head deflection, settlement and bending moments along pile increase with decreasing horizontal d

Bathyplectes curcurlionis (Thomson) is the sole parasitoid encountered in west Baghdad parasitising larvae of alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (GylIenhal). Percent of parasitisation did not exceed 8% in 1989 and 1990 and overall rate of parasitisation was 5%. Additional reduction in percent of parasitisation caused by presence of the fungal pathogen Erynia phytonomi. High survival percent of weevil's larvae under the study conditions explains why this insect is a key pest of alfalfa. Suggestions were made to inhance the role of B. curcurtionis in controlling the weevil.

The pollution of aquatic ecosystems with toxic heavy metals is representing a major environmental issue, as a result of releasing these metals to ecological ambient without treatment, leading to their persistence and non-biodegradation in the environment. Various traditional methods are utilized as an attempt to remove heavy metals from waste water but still without making any actual progress. This study hypothesizes that Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) dried leaves powder is potential in removing some of these heavy metals (HM), including lead, copper, cadmium and chrome from aqueous solutions via biosorption influenced by some variable experimental factors. This aim was approached by using two different experimental conditions: (

Out of 1279 stool sample only 245 were found to be infected with E.histolytica with total percentage 19% . Diagnostic study for E.histolytica by using techlab Eliza test showed that the non-pathogen E.dispar was significantly higher (78.9%) than E.histolytica (22%).We test the effect of the attenuated E. histolytica by gamma Radiation on the mortality rate in laboratory animals infected with E. histolytica by using increasing doses of radation (5,10,15,20and 25) Rad., the results showed that the percentage of mortality decrease when increase the dose of attenuated E.histolytica cyst in comparison with positive control group (non – attenuated group) it reached (100% ,66.7%, 33.3% 0% and 0%)respectively. Also we found that gamma radiatio

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases, for which, scaling and root planning is the main approach. Diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment has shown some beneficial effects.

Aim: The objective of this single randomized controlled clinical study was to assess the effect of a 940 nm diode laser as an adjunct to SRP therapy in the treatment of periodontal pockets.

 Methods: In this study, twenty patients in need of periodontal treatment with periodontal pocket ≥ 4 mm were selected for this split-mouth clinical study. Test group treated by diode laser 940 nm as an adjunct with SRP, control group treated by SRP in contralateral quadrants. Clinical