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Pharmacy education and practice in Iraq: expanding roles, and fostering research
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Abstract<sec> <title>Objective

This narrative review provides updated insights into pharmacy education, research, and professional practice in Iraq.

Methods

Secondary data were collected from peer-reviewed literature via Google Scholar, government reports, and official records provided by the Syndicate of Iraqi Pharmacists between November and December 2025.

Key findings

Pharmacy education and practice in Iraq have grown significantly since 1936, with 71 programs now offered across public and private universities, where public institutions maintain competitive admission and private colleges provide broader access. The launch of the PharmD program in 2020 and curricular updates in 2025 aligned training with international standards, adding professional development, marketing, and hospital practice. National accreditation initiatives strengthened quality assurance, while postgraduate pathways, residency training, and the Clinical Pharmacy Board provide advanced specialization. Pharmacists serve in community pharmacies, hospitals, academia, industry, and regulatory bodies. By 2025, Iraq’s 15 Arab governorates registered 55 000 pharmacists (12 per 10 000 population), alongside 16 993 community pharmacies, 455 wholesalers, and 611 scientific bureaus. Workforce saturation has led to a government hiring freeze since 2024.

Conclusion

Despite rapid expansion, pharmacy sector faces workforce saturation and limited modernization of community services. Many pharmacists turn to pharmaceutical sales and marketing for better income, while hospital pharmacists support medication safety but remain restricted by systemic barriers. Academic pharmacists emphasize teaching, with research constrained by scarce resources. The pharmaceutical industry remains underdeveloped, requiring investment and reform. Overall, these trends reveal both progress and persistent challenges, highlighting the need for strategic planning to balance workforce supply, expand clinical roles, and strengthen industry capacity.

Crossref
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process FEAHP to Prioritize The Evaluation of The Main and Subsidiary Criteria in B2B Industrial Market Sectors – Applied Research
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The research aims to define the main and subsidiary criteria for evaluating the industrial market sectors and proposing a model for arranging these criteria according to priority and knowing the highest criteria in terms of relative importance in the General Company for Automobile Trade and Machinery, and for the purpose of establishing this model, experiences in the concerned company were approved, and this study proposes a multi-criteria decision model According to the FEAHP, the expanded fuzzy hierarchical analysis method enables the commercial company to develop clear strategic policies on which the company’s management system depends on determining criteria for evaluating and selecting market sectors and making appropriate

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Central Bank control of external transfers and its impact on the tax information system: Applied research in the General Authority for Taxes
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Tax information system is one of the most important means that help the tax administration to reach the real income of the taxpayer, and the problem of research came in the General Authority for Tax ,The next question (Does the control carried out by the Central Bank on foreign remittances to reach the real income of the taxpayer). The research is gaining importance by focusing on the Central Bank's control over foreign remittances, and how to use this control to finance the tax information system. The relationship between the Central Bank's control over foreign remittances and the tax information system.The study has reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are the following: The work of an integrated information

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The causes of the fire and its impact accidents compensation insurance companies: Applied Research in a sample of the general insurance companies
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      The subject of the evolution of fire insurance of the hottest topics accidents, because it falls within the commercial insurance, as its importance is reflected for being a security source and contentment of the insured person and so it is worth pointing out the importance of fire insurance in enterprises and organizations of all kinds, because of the guarantee of its assets from meridian as well as protection from the effects of the fire therefore ensure continuity in the performance of their activities

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Accounting achievement and its impact on the measurement of operational efficiency: Applied research in the company of refineries Center / Al-Doura refinery
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The issue of measurement of operational efficiency and productivity plays a major role in determining the weakness of the company, especially in relation to the productive processes, and thus starting to address these points and improve their performance. Hence the problem of research on how to determine the constraints in the production process, to identify weaknesses in the company. The research aims to clarify the role of throughput accounting in measuring the operational efficiency of the company in addition to clarify some of the constraints and causes behind them. The study concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the availability of throughput accounting indicators that help in measuring operational efficienc

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Dimensions of organizational immunity and its relationship Enhancing the strategic capabilities of the company: applied research in the Iraqi General Insurance Company
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The aim of the research is to diagnose the nature of the relationship between the dimensions of organizational immunity with its dimensions represented by (organizational memory, organizational DNA, organizational learning) in enhancing the strategic capabilities of the company with its dimensions represented by (marketing capabilities, administrative capabilities, technological capabilities, creative capabilities), and the degree of arrangement of those dimensions According to priority, as well as revealing the differences in the respondents’ response to the two variables according to the personal and functional variables, and the importance of the expected results, the researchers adopted the questionnaire as a tool for collecting da

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography &amp; Interventions
A Novel Strategy to Promote Equity and Access in Interventional Cardiology: Early Insights From the 2024-2025 ACC Clinical Trial Research Cohort
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
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The impact of marketing tools on the legal liquidity index : an applied research in the International Development Bank for Investment and Finance
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Abstract

               The main problem of the study lies in the lack of a clear perception among the study sample about the impact of digital marketing tools on legal liquidity. Legal) of the International Development Bank for Investment and Finance and to achieve the objectives of the research, the method of observation and survey was used in measuring the dimensions of digital marketing. As for banking liquidity, the reports and financial statements of the bank were used as the research sample, as well as the use of the statistical analysis program SPSS in the statement of the relationship The study concluded, in summary, the following: Mar

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Employment of critical success factors in achieving the strategy Entrepreneurship: A field research for my company Oil Products Distribution and Midland Refineries
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Abstract

        The critical success factors of the means of the most modern in determining the main directions for organizations to achieve competitive advantage. and can be a critical success factors in organizations that overlap in the functional areas of the organization. that successful organizations use these factors to get to the uniqueness and distinction. as the entrance of critical success factors with the capacity Evaluative phase correction because discovery increases the perception of managers of what is important to the organization and using them to get to the Strategic Entrepreneurship. as it begins in terms of permanence of success and

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The relationship between the dimensions of the strategic recovery and achieving the company's strategic goals: Applied research in the National Insurance Company
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The aim of the research is to explain the nature of the relationship between the dimensions of the strategic recovery of the service represented by (compensation, speed of response, apology, initiative (defining the problem) and the strategic goals of the company represented in (profitability, growth, community service, employee satisfaction) in the National Insurance Company, it has been approved The questionnaire as a tool to collect data and information from the sample of (58) who are in (department manager, M. department director, division official, unit official) and the statistical program (spss) was used in calculating (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, coefficient of Correlation, t-test, varia

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Marketing commission and its role in enhancing the competitive advantage of insurance companies : Applied research on a sample of Iraqi insurance companies
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Abstract:

                 The research aims to improve the insurance service through the marketing commission as a tool that enables the insurance companies to achieve a competitive advantage. The researcher, by observing the challenges faced by insurance companies, insurance agents and brokers, raised the main question of the research: Is there an effect of the marketing commission on the competitive advantage of insurance companies? The data was obtained through the financial statements and annual reports of the research sample companies (the National General Insurance Company, the Iraqi General Insurance Company, Al-Hamra Private

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