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Pharmacy education and practice in Iraq: expanding roles, and fostering research
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Abstract<sec> <title>Objective

This narrative review provides updated insights into pharmacy education, research, and professional practice in Iraq.

Methods

Secondary data were collected from peer-reviewed literature via Google Scholar, government reports, and official records provided by the Syndicate of Iraqi Pharmacists between November and December 2025.

Key findings

Pharmacy education and practice in Iraq have grown significantly since 1936, with 71 programs now offered across public and private universities, where public institutions maintain competitive admission and private colleges provide broader access. The launch of the PharmD program in 2020 and curricular updates in 2025 aligned training with international standards, adding professional development, marketing, and hospital practice. National accreditation initiatives strengthened quality assurance, while postgraduate pathways, residency training, and the Clinical Pharmacy Board provide advanced specialization. Pharmacists serve in community pharmacies, hospitals, academia, industry, and regulatory bodies. By 2025, Iraq’s 15 Arab governorates registered 55 000 pharmacists (12 per 10 000 population), alongside 16 993 community pharmacies, 455 wholesalers, and 611 scientific bureaus. Workforce saturation has led to a government hiring freeze since 2024.

Conclusion

Despite rapid expansion, pharmacy sector faces workforce saturation and limited modernization of community services. Many pharmacists turn to pharmaceutical sales and marketing for better income, while hospital pharmacists support medication safety but remain restricted by systemic barriers. Academic pharmacists emphasize teaching, with research constrained by scarce resources. The pharmaceutical industry remains underdeveloped, requiring investment and reform. Overall, these trends reveal both progress and persistent challenges, highlighting the need for strategic planning to balance workforce supply, expand clinical roles, and strengthen industry capacity.

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 12 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Simulation of Groundwater Movement for Nuclear Research Center at AlTuwaitha Area in Baghdad City, Iraq
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ABSTRACT  
     The simulation of groundwater movement has been carried out by using MODFLOW model
in order to show the impact of change of water surface elevation of the Tigris river on layers of
the aquifer system for Nuclear Research Center at Al-Tuwaitha area, in addition to evaluate the
ability of the proposed pumping well to collect groundwater and change the direction of flow at
steady-state. The results of the study indicated that there is a good match between the values of
groundwater levels that calculated in the model and measured in the field, where mean error  is
0.09 m.
     The study also showed that the increasing of water surface elevation of the

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Procedia Computer Science
Revolutionizing Higher Education by Harnessing the Power of AI and Big Data for Sustainable Education
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The integration of Artificial Intelligence with Big Data Analytics is one of the most groundbreaking developments that could change the face of educational sustainability in higher education.. Using AI and Big Data technologies not only makes the educational process more efficient but also changes the way people learn and thus opens the door for educators and institutions to make decisions based on the data. The document imparts the manner that the use of AI and the digital revolution can remove student requirements, execute the efficiency of the curriculum, and acquire the balance of educational resources through a majority of instances and the latest developments in that field. Furthermore, the paper, along with the issues of morality wit

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Nurses` Practice Regarding Poisoning Children
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Objectives: Assess nurses` practices for children with chemical poisoning, and find out relationship between nurses` socio- demographic data and their practices for children with chemical poisoning.

Methodology: A descriptive correlational design used to achieve the purpose of the study, the study was conducted at Al-Basrah Hospital for Maternal and Children throughout the period 12th of September 2021 to 10th of October 2022. A non- probability sample of (30) nurse at emergency department was selected. The instrument of the study was constructed based on previous literatures that related to study project, which include nurses` socio-demographic data and questionnaire format

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 09 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
INDICATEURS OF THE EXCELLENT PUBLIC RELATION PRACTICE
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« This paper presents the indicators of the development of excellent public relations in the institutions of higher education that are possible for three contextual variables: institutional, professional, professional, and effective communication. Therefore, the study used six indicators to measure the excellent public relations in institutions of higher education and scientific research. These indicators are based on the theory of excellence in public relations . Research Objectives: The aim of the research paper is to uncover the institutional, professional, and professional indicators of effective communication of excellent public relations in higher education institutions. Resea

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
ASTUDYON THERECORDOF EVALUATINGTHE SUPPLIERSACCORDING TO THE CONCEPT OF QUALITY AND BENEFITING FROM IT IN PRACTICE IN AL-FURAT STATE COMPANY AND FINDING POSSIBLE PROPOSALS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT: ASTUDYON THERECORDOF EVALUATINGTHE SUPPLIERSACCORDING TO THE CONCEPT OF QUALITY AND BENEFITING FROM IT IN PRACTICE IN AL-FURAT STATE COMPANY AND FINDING POSSIBLE PROPOSALS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT
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Success in selecting the best among the sources of supply is one of the most important factors in the efficiency of the procurement activity in the company, because the proper selection of the source of the supply significantly affect the achievement of what is desired by the factors of quality, quantity, price and service, and the ability of the competent supplier to meet everything associated with this Factors of commitments, hereby supporting the procurement function's efforts to fully discharge its responsibilities, and in view of adopting of Al-Furat company quality management system by applying the standards of ISO (9001: 2015) and purpose of getting the on-demand benefits from the application of international standards reg

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Social, Humanities And Administrative Sciences
QUESTIONING GENDER ROLES IN THE AWAKENING: A BEAUVOIRIAN STUDY (UYANIŞ ROMANINDA CİNSİYET SORUNU: BEAUVOİR'IN DÜŞÜNCEİNE DAYALI BİR ÇALIŞMA)
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 18 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Knowledge, attitude and practice of Iraqi mothers towards Vitamin D supplementation to their infants in Baghdad Al -Rusafa 2016
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Background: Routine supplementation of vitamin D to infants is justifiable since vitamin D deficiency, and its consequences are highly prevalent not only in developing countries but worldwide. Maintaining a normal level of vitamin D is crucial in order to have a normal skeletal, as well as, extra-skeletal health. Knowledge of mothers regarding importance of vitamin D supplementation affect the health of their babies in a positive manner if accompanied by appropriate practice.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Iraqi mothers of under or equal 12 months old infants in Baghdad, AL-Rusafa, regarding vitamin D supplementation for their infants.

Typ

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Impact of Years’ Experience upon Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice concerning Infection Control at Critical Care Units in Baghdad City
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Introduction: Infection control or hospital-acquired infections are the major concern of the health care system and agencies. Critical care nurses are on the first-line contact with the patients, so on, they are most vulnerable to acquired infections. It is really important to regularly check their knowledge and practices concerning infection control. Objectives: The study aims to identify the impact of years’ experience on nurses’ knowledge and practices concerning infection control in three hospitals and center (Baghdad teaching hospital, Ibn Al-Nafees hospital, and Ibn al-Bitar center) Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted, the study starting from 4th of July 2020 to 13th of November 2020. Non-probability (purposive) sampl

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Self-Medication among Medical Students at Sudan International University, Sudan
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Background: Self-medication is a practice or action taken by individuals for themselves in order to achieve and maintain health, as well as to avoid and protect against disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of self-medication among medical students at Sudan International University.

Subjects & Methods: This was a prospective study that involved 288 out of 1000 students in the Faculty of Medicine at Sudan International University. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from January to March 2022 to evaluate the self-medication knowledge, attitude, and practice among first, second, and third-ye

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on Chemotherapy Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Breast Cancer Women
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الخلفية: إن سمية الدواء والآثار الجانبية للعلاج الكيميائي تؤثر سلبا على مرضى سرطان الثدي. الأهداف: لتقييم فعالية التدخلات الصيدلانية في تحسين معرفة مرضى سرطان الثدي ومواقفهم وممارساتهم فيما يتعلق بالعلاج الكيميائي لسرطان الثدي.

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