This research deals with the most important indicators used to measure the phenomenon of financial depth, beyond the traditional indicators, which are called quantitative indicators, which is shown to be inadequate to show the facts accurately, but it may come in the results of a counterfactual, although reliable in econometric studies done in this regard.

Therefore, this research has sought to put forward alternative indicators, is the structural indicators, and financial prices, and availability of financial instruments, and cost of transactions concluded, in order to measure the phenomenon of financial depth.

After using and analyzing data collected from countries the research

Integrated project delivery is collaboratively applying the skills and knowledge of all participants to optimize the project's results, increase owner value, decrease waste, and maximize efficiency during the design, fabrication, and construction processes. This study aims to determine IPD criteria positively impacting value engineering. To do this, the study has considered 9 main criteria according to PMP classification that already covers all project phases and 183 sub-criteria obtained from theoretical study and expert interviews (fieldwork). In this study, the SPSS (V26) program was used to analyze the main criteria and sub-criteria priorities from top to bottom according to their values of the Relative Importance In

This research aims to develop transdermal patches of Ondansetron hydrochloride (OSH) with different types of polymers, ethyl cellulose and, polyvinyl pyrrolidone k30 in a ratio (3:0.5,3:1,3:2,2:1,1:1) with propylene glycol 20%w/w as a plasticizer. Prepared transdermal patches were evaluated for physical properties. The compatibility between the drug and excipients was studied by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), where there is no interaction between the drug and polymers. From the statistical study, there is a statistical difference between all the prepared formulations p<0.05. In-vitro Release study of transdermal patches was performed by using a paddle over the disc. The release profile of OSH follow

The using of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW) can preserve natural aggregate resources, reduce the demand for landfill, and contribute to a sustainable built environment. Concrete demolition waste has been proven to be an excellent source of aggregates for new concrete production. At a technical, economic, and environmental level, roller compacted concrete (RCC) applications benefit various civil construction projects. Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a homogenous mixture that is best described as a zero-slump concrete placed with compacting equipment, uses in storage areas, dams, and most often as a basis for rigid pavements. The mix must be sufficiently dry to support

In this paper, we propose a new and efficient ferroelectric nanostructure metal oxide lithium niobate [(Li1.075Nb0.625Ti0.45O3), (LNTO)] solid film as a saturable absorber (SA) for modulating passive Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL). The SA is fabricated as a nanocomposite solid film by the drop-casting process in which the LNTO is planted within polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)] as host copolymer. The optical and physical characteristics of the solid film are experimentally established. The SA is incorporated within the cavity of EDFL to examine its capability for producing multi-wavelength laser. The experimental results proved that a multi-wavelength laser is produced, where stable four lines with central

B3LYP density functional is utilized for probing the effect of decorating Al, Ga, and In on the sensing performance of a boron phosphide nanotube (BPNT) in detecting the 2-chloroethanol (CHE) molecule. We predict that the interaction of pure BPNT with CHE is physisorption, and the sensing response (SR) of BPNT is approximately 6.3. The adsorption energy of CHE is about − 26.3 to − 91.1, − 96.6, and − 100.3 kJ/mol, when the Al, Ga, and In metals are decorated on the BPNT surface, respectively. This indicates that the decorated metals significantly strength the interaction. Also, the corresponding SR meaningfully rises to 19.4, 41.0, and 93.4, indicating that by increasing the atomic number of metals, the sensitivity i

This work describes the development of new spectrophotometric techniques for 3-aminophenol assessment. The first technique involves using benzidine in an alkaline solution to convert 3-aminophenol into a colored complex. The produced complex has a red color with an absorbance of 462 nm. Between the concentration range 5–14 μg mL−1, Beer's law is obeyed with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99781, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0423 μg mL−1, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1411 μg mL−1. The recovery was between 87.2–95.43%, the relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 2.40–3.31% and the molar absorptivity was 3.545 × 103 L mol−1 cm−1. Secondly, cloud point extraction (CPE) was used to determ

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى الاتفاق في استخدام اللغة الإنجليزية كوسيلة للتعليم وفقًا لاستجابات عينة الدراسة لاستبيان نموذج السياق والمدخلات والعمليات والمنتج وتقييم برنامج اللغة الإنجليزية كوسيلة للتعليم في المدارس الثانوية للطلاب المتميزين من قبل عينة الدراسة وفقًا لبنود استبيان CIPP. شملت الدراسة الكمية الوصفية 109 معلمًا حضروا البرنامج بنشاط في العراق خلال العام الدراسي 2023-2024. لتحقيق أهداف هذه

The geological modeling of an oil-bearing reservoir, which specifies the lithology and analyzes the petrophysical parameters of complex reservoir, its being created using Petrel software to construct reservoir models that describe and estimate porosity and water saturation distributions. 3D modeling of carbonate reservoirs has proven to be a highly effective technique for evaluate the economic benefit of the reservoir by estimating the formation petrophysical properties and calculating the oil reserves. The study aims constructed on evaluated Yamama formation in Four drilling wells (Nasiriyah-1, Nasiriyah-3, Nasiriyah-4, and Nasiriyah-5) entering the Yamama Formation of the Al-Nasiriyah field. In Al-Nasiriyah Oil field, and within t