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Emissions Investigating of Carbon Dioxide Generated by the Iraqi Cement Industry
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Abstract<p>The most used material in the world after water is concrete, which depends mainly on its manufacture of cement leading to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), flying dust, and other greenhouse gasses (GHGs) resulting in pollution of the atmosphere. The emission of CO<sub>2</sub> from cement production is approximately 5% of the global anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>. This research focuses on investigating the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the Iraqi General Cement Company plants includes the cement factories of Kirkuk, Al-Qa’em, Fallujah, and Kubaisa, using the GHGs Protocol Measures Program (specifically cement based-method). The data required for cement production was provided by the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals throughout 25 years. The results showed that the largest amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions cumulatively over 25 years was from the Kubaisa plant with an average emission amount of approximately 7,613,605 tons/25 years. While the lowest cumulative amount of emission was by Fallujah cement plant represented by about 868,341 tons/25 years. On the other hand, the highest and lowest production amount was from Kubaisa and Fallujah plants at 105% and 0.6% in 1989 and 2008 respectively relative to the design capacity. Shifting to renewable and clean energies that limit the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emitted to the atmosphere is highly recommended, although this requires facing problematic challenges.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Iraqi Learners' Production Of rp Clipped Vowel
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Within connected speech, RP speakers tend to shorten stressed long vowels end diphthongs in pre. Forties consonants in the same syllable on the basis of complementary Distribution, i.e., the phonological environment decides the influence of the forties plosives and fricatives, as far as they are in find position preceded by stressed long vowels and diphthongs, or particular voiced consonants plus vowels. The Iraqi learners, then, face.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 27 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The attitudes of Iraqi youth towards volunteering work
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The aim of the research is to identify the attitudes of Iraqi youth
towards volunteering work by using the survey method and the scale
tool to identify what young volunteers can carry from the attitudes
towards volunteering work because the phenomenon of volunteer
work is of great importance in society. The scale was applied to
(525) volunteers among Iraqi youth. The research reached a set
of results, the most prominent of which is the existence of positive
trends among young people towards volunteering work, meaning
that Iraqi youth volunteers have awareness of the concept of
volunteering correctly. As for their goals of volunteering, they are
humanitarian and social goals for the advancement of society, an

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Iraqi Journalistic Treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
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This research aims to investigate the approaches adopted by Iraqi newspapers in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Employing a descriptive methodology and survey technique, the study conducts content analysis on articles published in three prominent newspapers: Al-Sabah, Al-Mada, and Tareeq Al-Shaab. A multi-stage sampling method was employed, encompassing 260 issues of the aforementioned newspapers. Data collection involved the use of a content analysis questionnaire, with the "How it was said?" method utilized to determine analysis categories.
The results showed that Al-Sabah newspaper adopted a positive approach in addressing COVID-19-related topics, while Al-Mada newspaper remained neutral, and Tare

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 10 2021
Journal Name
Laplage Em Revista
Alternation of consonants in the Iraqi "Baghdad" dialect
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This article discusses the most beloved and creative dialect of the Arabs - the Iraqi dialect, despite its complexity, but it has a lot of beautiful foreign vocabulary. We followed a descriptive and historical approach, also tracked phonetic changes in this dialect, and then gave phonological explanations for these phenomena, trying to connect most of the phenomena with their historical roots in the standard Arabic "al-Fussha" and in ancient Arabic dialects. Most modern linguists have realized the need to study these dialects, since many of the modern dialect characteristics are only extensions of some ancient Arabic dialects, and do not refer them to the classical language. The study of modern Arabic dialects may be faced with a nu

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Chemtech Research
The Effect of Ginger Plant (Zingiber officinale) Aqueous Extract on Function and Histological Structure of Kidney in Mice Treated with Carbon Tetrachloride
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The percent work was designed to determine the effect of ginger plant aqueous extract on function and histological structure of kidney in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Ginger plant caused a protective effect against CCl4 induced kidney damage and improved the kidney weight and biochemical parameters including urea, uric acid and creatinine. The ginger plant has a protective effect against injury in the kidney of mice treated with CCL4, because the ginger plant protects the tissues of kidney from toxic effect of CCL4. The kidney of CCL4 treated mice showed many histological alterations in the kidney included: atrophy, vascular degeneration and hemorrhage, death cell, degeneration of epithelial cells, destruction of basement

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of International Society Of Preventive And Community Dentistry
Effect of Incorporating Chitosan to Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Shear Bond Strength to Dentin (An In vitro Comparative Study)
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A<sc>bstract</sc> <sec> <title>Aim:

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement tends to shrink due to polymerization of the resin component. Additionally, they are more prone to syneresis and imbibition during the setting process. This in vitro study evaluates the impact of chitosan, a biopolymer that is, both biomaterial and biocompatible, on the strength of dentin bonding and compares it with ACTIVA Bio-ACTIVE Restorative. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of including chitosan into Fuji II on the shear bond strength between. the restoration material and tooth dentin,

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 02 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Promoting Solar Cell Efficiencies via Employing Sliver- Carbon- Pomegranate Peel Nano System
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In this work, a functional nanocomposite consisting of multi walled carbon nanotubes combined with nanoparticles of silver and Pomegranate peel extract (MWCNTs- SNPs -NPGPE) was successfully synthesized using ultra sonic technique. The nanocomposite has been characterized using Transmission electron microscope (TEM), XRD, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) UV-Vis and FTIR. The obtained results reveal that the MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite exhibits form of nanotubes with rough surfaces and containing black spots, which are the silver nanoparticles. The dimensions of this tube are 161 nm in length and 60 nm in width with nanoparticles of silver not exceeding 20 nm. The XRD pattern of the prepared MWCNTs-SNPs-NPGPE nanocomposite s

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Publication Date
Fri May 30 2014
Journal Name
Applied Surface Science
Liquid Phase - Pulsed Laser Ablation: A route to fabricate different carbon nanostructures
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Publication Date
Sun May 08 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of the relationship between the internal auditor and the external auditor on the Earnings quality in Iraqi companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange
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The changes that have occurred in the business environment and scientific and technological progress, as well as the complexity of administrative problems resulting from its practice of various activities, have led to an increase in the responsibilities entrusted to it, and for the purpose of achieving its strategic objectives, which has made the pillars of corporate governance an inevitable matter required by the nature of modern scientific management of the governorate, the success that companies seek is based on the fertile environment and the dialectical relationship between the individual and the company, and to achieve this success there must be a compatible and harmonious audit environment between the internal and external

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Studies, and Antioxidant Activities of Azo Dye[2-[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)diazinyl]-1,2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-Dioxide]and Metal Ion Complexes
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The new azo dye was synthesized via the reaction of the diazonium salt form of 3-aminophenol with 2-hydroxyquinoline. This dye was then used to access a series of complexes with the chlorides of manganese, iron, zinc, cadmium, and vanadium sulfate. The prepared ligand and its complexes were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, and microelemental analysis. Conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal content, and chlorine content of the complexes were also measured. The ligand and cadmium complex were identified using1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the shape of the ligand is a trigonal planner, and the c

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