The reactive yellow azo dye (λmax = 420 nm) is widely utilized for textile coloring due to its low-cost stability and tolerance properties. Treatment of dye-containing wastewater by traditional methods is usually inadequate because of its resistance to biological and chemical degradation. From this research, the continuous reactor of an advanced oxidation method supported the use of H₂O₂/TiO₂/UV to remove the coloration of the reactive yellow dye from the discharge. At constant best conditions obtained from the batch reactor tests pH=7, H₂O₂ dosage = 400 mg/l and TiO₂=25mg/l , the aqueous solutions were tested in the continuous reactor at different dye concentration and d

     Estimations of specific activity concentrations in eight commercial porcelain tiles made in different countries were performed by the use of HPGe detector. We have found that the highest specific activity concentrations for ²³⁸U, ⁴⁰K were equal to (21.120 Bq/kg) and (283.862 Bq/kg) respectively, Iranian origin, while the highest specific activity concentration for ²³²Th was found to be equal to (29.292 Bq/kg), Iraqi origin; all of which were less than their corresponding recommended values given by (UNSCEAR, 2000). The radiation hazard indices [I_É£ , H_in ,H_ex , Ra_eq ,D_Æ” , (AEDE) _in and (AEDE) _out] w

SnO2 thin films of different two thicknesses were prepared an glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering. The crystal structure and orientation of the films were investigated by XRD patterns. All the deposited films are polycrystalline. The grain size was calculated as 25.35, 28.8 nm. Morphological and compositions of the films were performed by SEM and EDX analyses respectively. The films appeared compact and rougher surface in nature. The allowed direct band gap was evaluated as 3.85 eV, and other optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants were determined from transmittance spectrum in the wavelength range (300-900) nm and also analyzed.
 

In this work, the Al-Mg alloys plasma plume that produced under vacuum (10-1 torr) by Nd:Yag Laser was studied. the plasma spectra were analyzed by comparing the atomic lines of Al and Mg lines with standard lines. The effect of laser energies on spectral lines produced by laser ablation were investigated using optical
spectroscopy .several plasma characteristics like electron temperature, electron density, Debye’s length, plasma frequency and number of particles in the ‘‘Debye’s Sphere’’ were calculated in vacuum .The results show the electron temperature and electron density increase in magnesium, aluminum and magnesium :aluminum alloy
targets . It was found that the lines intensities at

A simple, inexpensive, and home–built electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) system with stable cone-jet mode was used to obtain nickel oxide (NiO) thin films on glass substrates kept at temperature of 400°C. The primary precursor solution of 0.1 M concentration hydrated nickel chloride dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. The structural, optical and electrical parameters were studied. The optical absorbance spectra for the studied samples showed its maximum around 280 nm. On the other hand, thickness interferometry measurements on the tested samples showed that film thickness was around 400 nm. The optical energy gap of the prepared NiO samples was determined to be 3.75 eV and the maximum value of refractive index was determined to be 2.1 a

Untreated municipal solid waste (MSW) release onto land is prevalent in developing countries. To reduce the high levels of harmful components in polluted soils, a proper evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in Erbil's Kani Qrzhala dump between August 2021 and February 2022 is required. The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of improper solid waste disposal on soil properties within a landfill by assessing the risks of contamination for eight heavy elements in two separate layers of the soil by using geoaccumulation index (I-geo) and pollution load index (PLI) supported. The ArcGIS software was employed to map the spatial distribution of heavy element pollution and potential ecological risks. The I-geo values in summe

This work concerned on nanocrystalline NiAl2O4 and ZnAl2O4 having spinel structure prepared by Sol–gel technique. The structural and characterization properties for the obtained samples were examined using different measurements such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), finally, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).The Spinel-type for two prepared compound (NiAl2O4) and (ZnAl2O4) at different calcination temperature examined by XRD. Williamson-Hall Methods used to estimate crystallite size, Average distribution crystallite size of two compound were, 34.2 nm for NiAl2O4 and32.6 for ZnAl2O4, the increase in crystallite size affecting by increasing in calcination temperature for both comp