This research was aimed to study the exposure of Razzazah Lake  to major hydrological changes in recent years as a result of natural climatic changes  and  drought, high evaporation in lake due to stop discharge from Habbaniyah Lake  by Al- majera channel. During 2019, we collected surface water samples at three locations, and three samples from groundwater, in addition one samples from each location Imam Ali Drop and Sewage water  of Karbala. The Results  show that the heavy isotopes in lake and groundwater well are enriched during the warm period, and depleted during the cold period. Chemically, The dominant cations and anions in Al-Razzaza lake water are mainly of in Order  Ca > Na > Mg and  Cl>SO4 and the water

The 3-parameter Weibull distribution is used as a model for failure since this distribution is proper when the failure rate somewhat high in starting operation and these rates will be decreased with increasing time .

In practical side a comparison was made between (Shrinkage and Maximum likelihood) Estimators for parameter and reliability function using simulation , we conclude that the Shrinkage estimators for parameters are better than maximum likelihood estimators but the maximum likelihood estimator for reliability function is the better using statistical measures (MAPE)and (MSE) and for different sample sizes.

Note:- n_s : small sample ; n_m=median sample

In this paper we estimate the coefficients and scale parameter in linear regression model depending on the residuals are of type 1 of extreme  value distribution for the largest values . This can be regard as an improvement for the studies with the smallest values . We study two estimation methods ( OLS  & MLE ) where we resort to Newton – Raphson (NR) and Fisher Scoring methods to get MLE estimate because the difficulty of using the usual approach with MLE . The relative efficiency criterion is considered beside to the statistical inference procedures for the extreme value regression model of type 1 for largest values . Confidence interval , hypothesis testing for both scale parameter and regression coefficients

Background: clinically significant macular edema (CSME) is the commonest cause of visual loss in patients with diabetes mellitus and laser focal photocoagulation is the golden standard for treating it. Patients and Methods: A frequency doubled Nd: YAG laser was used to treat all eyes included in this study with diabetic maculopathy. Thirty eyes of three insulin dependent and twenty six non insulin dependent diabetic Iraqi patients were included. The study involved twenty six males, three females and followed for one year. Their ages were ranging between 36- 59 years, all of them from patients attending ophthalmic out-patient department in the medical city in the period between January 2005 and June 2006. Eyes divided in to two groups (fifte

This paper aims to find new analytical closed-forms to the  solutions of the nonhomogeneous functional differential equations of the n^th order with finite and constants delays and various initial delay conditions in terms of elementary functions using Laplace transform method. As well as, the definition of dynamical systems for ordinary differential equations is used to introduce the definition of dynamical systems for delay differential equations which contain multiple delays with a discussion of their dynamical properties: The exponential stability and strong stability

    Our aim in this work is to study the classical continuous boundary control vector  problem for triple nonlinear partial differential equations of elliptic type involving a Neumann boundary control. At first, we prove that the triple nonlinear partial differential equations of elliptic type with a given classical continuous boundary control vector have a unique "state" solution vector,  by using the Minty-Browder Theorem. In addition, we prove the existence of a classical continuous boundary optimal control vector ruled by the triple nonlinear partial differential equations of elliptic type with equality and inequality constraints. We study the existence of the unique solution for the triple adjoint equations

In this work, the classical continuous mixed optimal control vector (CCMOPCV) problem of couple nonlinear partial differential equations of parabolic (CNLPPDEs) type with state constraints (STCO) is studied. The existence and uniqueness theorem (EXUNTh) of the state vector solution (SVES) of the CNLPPDEs for a given CCMCV is demonstrated via the method of Galerkin (MGA). The EXUNTh of the CCMOPCV ruled with the CNLPPDEs is proved. The Frechet derivative (FÉDE) is obtained. Finally, both the necessary and the sufficient theorem conditions for optimality (NOPC and SOPC) of the CCMOPCV with state constraints (STCOs) are proved through using the Kuhn-Tucker-Lagrange (KUTULA) multipliers theorem (KUTULATH).

This is a survey study that presents recent researches concerning factional controllers. It presents several types of fractional order controllers, which are extensions to their integer order counterparts. The fractional order PID controller has a dominant importance, so thirty-one paper are presented for this controller. The remaining types of controllers are presented according to the number of papers that handle them; they are fractional order sliding mode controller (nine papers), fuzzy fractional order sliding mode controller (five papers), fractional order lag-lead compensator (three papers), fractional order state feedback controller (three papers), fractional order fuzzy logic controller (three papers). Finally, several conclusions

      The present work has been characterized by higher order modes in the cavities of the Gyrotron; they are capable of producing RF plasma by developments of it. It uses for fusion systems. We choose the TE_31,8 mode in our study. The main problem of gyrotron is the device of the thermal cavity loading. The problem of the thermal loading is solved when any parasitic modes suppress, absence of desired modes; the thermal loading is increased when the high power tube of gyrotron operation is unstable. The mathematical interaction model contains equations that describe the electron motion and the field profiles of the transferred electric modes of the resonator, these are interacting with electrons based

The concept of the order sum graph associated with a finite group based on the order of the group and order of group elements is introduced. Some of the properties and characteristics such as size, chromatic number, domination number, diameter, circumference, independence number, clique number, vertex connectivity, spectra, and Laplacian spectra of the order sum graph are determined. Characterizations of the order sum graph to be complete, perfect, etc. are also obtained.