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Comparison of Single and Group Jet Grout Columns Settlement Based on Field Test and Theoretical Methods
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Abstract<p>The settlement evaluation for the jet grouted columns (JGC) in soft soils is a problematic matter, because it is influenced by the number of aspects such as soil type, effect mixture between soil and grouting materials, nozzle energy, jet grouting, water flow rate, rotation and lifting speed. Most methods of design the jet-grouting column based on experience. In this study, a prototype single and group jet grouting models (single, 1*2, and 2*2) with the total length and diameter were (2000 and 150 mm) respectively and clear spacing (3D) has been constructed in soft clay and subjected to vertical axial loads. Furthermore, different theoretical methods have been used for the estimation of (JGC) settlement. Pile load settlement analysis of the jet grout columns showed that the average settlement values were (0.41, 0.663, and 1.5 mm) for the single, group (1*2) and group (2*2) jet grouted columns respectively. While, in the theoretical methods give a higher value of the settlement (2.0, 3.48, and 5.24 mm) for the single, group (1*2) and group (2*2) jet grouted columns compared with the settlement results acquired from field pile load test data. Therefore, it is not recommended to be used for soft clay. On the other hand, Fuller and Hoy’s, Hansen’s 90%, and Butler and Hoy’s results may be considered faithful interpretation methods for the single and group (1*2 and 2*2) (JGC).</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Role socialization family erroneous and its impact on criminal behavior
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The correct and sincere process of socialization is working on appropriate social climate in
which this process is the provision, and the climate is achieved in the presence of a positive
environment free of negatives and contradictions, but when there is a socialization processes
inadequate and contradictory was not based on the principles of punishment and reward nor a
balance between methods soft and intensity of treatment and interaction with small and
adolescent does not require intensive social care formulas do not create the conditions
essential items required by the successful and effective socialization, the young and the young
people who are going through in such Altanisah and educational operations will be

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 11 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Experimental and Numerical Research on Flow-Induced Vibration in Valves
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Abstract  

All central air conditioning systems contain piping system with various components, sizes, material, and layouts. If such systems in operating mode, the flow in piping system and its component such as valves can produce severe vibration due to some flow phenomenon’s. In this research, experimental measurements and numerical simulation are used to study the flow-induced vibration in valves. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) concepts are included with one-way and two-way fluid-structure interaction concepts by using finite element software Package (ANSYS 14.57). Detection analysis is performed on flow characteristics under operation conditions and relations with structural vibration. Most of

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Kufa For Chemical Sciences
Miscellaneous Azo Dyes: A Review on Recent Advancements and Applications
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The dyes Azo have a lengthy history and are a vital part of our daily lives. There are numerous potentials uses for these substances and their derivatives in various industries and environmental and biological research. In this study conversion of various azo compounds into other derivatives, complexes, and polymers was accomplished. This review included examining the chemistry reactions, synthesis, and applications of azo dye ligands and their complexes, mentioned spectral, analytical, thermal, and morphology methods of investigation, and confirmed by mass fragment mechanisms for some azo dyes and metal complexes. One of the aims of this review is to explain the role of these azo dye derivatives and the effect of metal complexes on leather

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Kufa For Chemical Sciences
Miscellaneous Azo Dyes: A Review on Recent Advancements and Applications
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The dyes Azo have a lengthy history and are a vital part of our daily lives. There are numerous potentials uses for these substances and their derivatives in various industries and environmental and biological research. In this study conversion of various azo compounds into other derivatives, complexes, and polymers was accomplished. This review included examining the chemistry reactions, synthesis, and applications of azo dye ligands and their complexes, mentioned spectral, analytical, thermal, and morphology methods of investigation, and confirmed by mass fragment mechanisms for some azo dyes and metal complexes. One of the aims of this review is to explain the role of these azo dye derivatives and the effect of metal complexes on

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Current Researches On Social Sciences
A Study on Sociocultural Features among Turkish and Iraqi Women
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SM ADAI, BN RASHID, Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 2023

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2009
Journal Name
Ibn Al– Haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Some Results on Fibrewise Lindelöf and Locally Lindelöf Topological Spaces
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In this paper we define and study new concepts of fibrewise topological spaces over B namely, fibrewise Lindelöf and locally Lindelöf topological spaces, which are generalizations of will-known concepts: Lindelöf topological space (1) "A topological space X is called a Lindelöf space if for every open cover of X has a countable subcover" and locally Lindelöf topological space (1) "A topological space X is called a locally Lindelöf space if for every point x in X, there exist a nbd U of x such that the closure of U in X is Lindelöf space". Either the new concepts are: "A fibrewise topological space X over B is called a fibrewise Lindelöf if the projection function p : X→B is Lindelöf" and "The fibrewise topological space X over B

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 20 2022
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
NEW RECORDS ON SALTICIDAE AND THERIDIIDAE (ARANEAE) SPIDERS FROM ARMENIA
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New data on jumping spiders (Salticidae) and tangle-web spiders (Theridiidae) of Armenia are provided on the basis of recently collected specimens in various regions of Armenia. One species, Ballus rufipes (Simon, 1868) is recorded as new to the Caucasus Region, in addition to the following species: Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853), Pellenes brevis (Simon, 1868), Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757) and Synageles dalmaticus (Keyserling, 1863) that belong to a family Salticidae, are recorded in Armenia for the first time.
A further 7 species of Theridiidae are recorded in Armenia for the first time Kochiura aulica (C. L. Koch, 1838), Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778), Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Steatoda castanea Clerk, 175

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmacy And Technology
Bacteriological and molecular study on S. Aureus bacteria Atala, M.L.
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Temperature Stress on Physiological and Morphological Traits in Rhizophora apiculata
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Global warming has had considerable effects on vital ecosystems, which has also been caused by increased temperatures and CO2 that follow changes in different abiotic factors, which poses threats to mangrove forests environment. This research was conducted to examine the physiological and morphological characteristics of the Rhizophora apiculata mangrove regarding higher air temperature for the variety of tree species that respond to climate change. Seedlings were cultivated for three months in regulated growth chambers with three varying temperatures of 38°C, 21°C under CO2 at 450 ppm, and ambient CO2 concentration i.e., 450 ± 20 ppm under average temperature at 28°C as the control condition

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
work alienation and its impact on Job Satisfaction Applied Research
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The research aims to determine the role of functional alienation and its impact on Job Satisfaction in General Motors Company, that were selected to apply the field side being an important company in Iraq, the problem was research with difficulty in employees adapt and their sense of alienation in their work which is reflected negatively on the level of satisfaction with work in company searched. A questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for data collection research which included (31) items distributed on (50) employees in the company selected, on a randomly chosen and based on the statistical program ready by (SPSS). Sample of this study was the most important findings of the research are the weak management of the company i

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