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Evaluating Factors Related to the Abuse of Oral Corticosteroids among Community Pharmacy Customers: Using Theory of Reasoned Action
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Introduction: Although it is discouraged, community pharmacy customers can obtain oral corticosteroids (OCSs) without prescriptions from some community pharmacies in Iraq. Medication abuse is defined as the use of medication for non-medical reasons. Objectives: The study aimed to determine demographics, beliefs, and perceptions associated with the abuse of oral corticosteroids for non-illness reasons among community pharmacy customers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in fall 2018 in four provinces in Iraq. Customers of 19 community pharmacies asking for OCSs for themselves without a prescription were administered a paper survey. This study used the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to measure the relationship between the motivational factors and the abuse of OCSs. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the use of OCSs for non-illness and six TRA factors: Normative belief, behavioral belief, evaluation of the behavior, motivation to comply, subjective norms and attitude toward behavior. Results: The study enrolled 141 participants (98 women and 43 men) taking asking for OCSs without prescription. Dexamethasone was the most commonly used OCSs (59.6%). Friends were the primary recommenders for corticosteroids abuse (28.4%). The main reasons for using OCSs were to increase appetite and gain weight (53.9 %). Approximately one-third (36.2 %) of the participants gained weight after using OCSs.  The regression analysis of the TRA variables showed two factors were significantly related to the abuse of OCSs. Age had a significant inverse relationship with the abuse of OCSs and the "good appearance" belief had a significant positive association with OCS abuse. Conclusion: Some Iraqi community pharmacy customers use non-prescribed oral corticosteroids to increase appetite and gain weight. Improve body appearance represents the dominant incentive that urges people to use OCSs without prescription. Health officials and healthcare practitioners need to promote people's awareness about the risks of misusing OCSs through education programs and advertisements in public health settings, media, and social media.   Article Type: Original Research

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Publication Date
Wed May 19 2010
Journal Name
College Of Science – University Of Babylon
Synthesis and Characterisation of Cu(II) ,Co(II) ,Ni(II) and Zn(II) Complexes Derived from Acetylacetone and P–Amino benzoic acid
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Publication Date
Sat Jan 11 2025
Journal Name
Sciences Journal Of Physical Education
Use different means rehabilitative according some bio-kinematics variables and their impact on increasing range of motion for people with shoulder joint
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 08 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Synthesis, Characterization and Spectral Studies of Y(III), La(II) and Rh(III) Complexes with 2,4-dimethyl-6-(4-nitro-phenylazo)Phenol .
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Transition metal complexes of Y(III), La(III) and Rh(III) with azo dye 2,4-dimethyl-6(4-nitro-phenylazo)-phenol derived from 4-nitroaniline and 2,4-dimethylphenol were synthesized. Characterization of these compounds has been done on the basis of elemental analysis, electronic data, FT-IR,UV-Vis and 1HNMR, as well as conductivity measurements. The nature of the complexes formed were studies following the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer's law obeyed over a concentration range (1x10-4- 3x10-4). High molar absorbtivity of the complex solutions were observed. From the analytical data, the stoichiomerty of the complexes has been found to be 1:3 (Metal:ligand). On the basis of Physicochemical data octahedral geometries were a

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 25 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Preparation, Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Studies of New Metal (II) Complexes with Schiff Base for 3-amino-1-phenyl-2- pyrazoline-5-one
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A new ligand complexes have been synthesis from reaction of metal ions of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) with schiff base LH. 5-[(2-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-amino]-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one, this ligand was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-vis, 1H, 13CNMR, and mass spectra. All complexes were characterized by techniques micro analysis C.H.N, UV-vis and FTIR spectral studies, atomic absorption, chloride content, molar conductivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility. The ligand acts as bidentate, coordination through nitrogen atom from azomethin group and deprotonated phenolic oxygen atom. The spectroscopic and analytical measurements showed that

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 10 2022
Journal Name
V. International Scientific Congress Of Pure, Applied And Technological Sciences
Synthesis and characterisation of new Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes derived from oxadiazole ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as co-ligand
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NEWCo(II), Zn(II) AND Cd(II) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM OXADIAZOLE LIGAND AND 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE AS Co-LIGAND

Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Diyala Journal For Pure Science
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of New Bidentate Schiff Base type (NN) and it’s Complexes with MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII, CuII and CdII Ions .
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four coordinated complexes for divalent metal ions : Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Cd have been synthesized using bidentate Schiff base ligand type (NN)formed by the condensation of o-phenylenediamine , p- methylbenzadehyde and furfural in methanol. The ligand was reacted with divalent metal chloride forming complexes of the types :[M(L)Cl2] where : MII=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Cd . These new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, U.V-Vis, 1HNMR (for ligand only and atomic absorption) , magnetic susceptibility, chloride content along with conductivity measurement. These studies revealed that the geometry for all complexes about central metal ion is tetrahedral.

Publication Date
Sun Aug 06 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Complexeation Behavior of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, and CdII Ions Toward Schiff Base Derived From 2, 4 -Dihydroxy Benzaldehyde and O-Phenylene Diamine
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  The aim of this work covers the synthesis and characterization of the new tertra dentate ligand (H4L) containing (N and O) as donor set atoms kind (N2O2) where: H4L=Bis-1,2 (2,4dihydroxybenzylediene phylinediamine . The preparation of ligand contains reaction 2, 4 Dihydroxy benzaldehyde and o-phenylene diamine . Schiff base was reacted with some metal ions in the presence of methanol to give the complexes in the general formula  [M (H2L)] where: MII = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods I.R , U.V.-Vis, metal content and molar conductivity measurements, showed that the complexes are non-electrolyte. The proposed geometry for all of the proposed complexes was a tetrahedral while Ni comp

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 09 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
New Schiff Base Derived From Folic Acid and 3Aminoacetophenone and its Metal Complexes with Some Transition Metals and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity
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 The ligand [Potassium (E)-(4-(((2-((1-(3-aminophenyl) ethylidene) amino)-4-oxo-1,4dihydropteridin-6-yl) methyl) amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamate] was prepared from the condensation reaction of folic acid with (3-aminoacetophenone) through Schiff reaction to give a new Schiff base ligand [H2L]. The ligand [H2L] was characterized by elemental analysis CHN, atomic absorption (A.A), (FT-I.R.), (U.V.-Vis), TLC, E.S. mass (for spectroscopes), molar conductance, and melting point. The new Schiff base ligand [H2L], reacts with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) metal ions and (2-aminophenol), (metal : derivative ligand : 2-aminophenol) to give a series of  new mixed complexes in  the general formula:- K3[M2(HL)(HA)2], (

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 03 2022
Journal Name
V. International Scientific Congress Of Pure, Applied And Technological Science (minar Congress)
synthesis and characterization of new Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes derived from oxadiazole ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as co-ligand
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In this work, prepared new ligand namely 5-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-(3H)-thion, was obtained from the 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride with hydrazine, after that reaxtion with CS2/KOH in methanol.

Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health
Phytochemical investigation And high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) identification of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Euphorbia cyathophora (Family: Euphorbiaceae) cultivated in Iraq
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