Iraqi agriculture faces a major water problem, affecting cultivated areas, agricultural production, farmers’ incomes and food security. However, the results achieved in rationalizing the use of irrigation water are still limited and do not match what they should be in order to meet this serious challenge. The study aimed to provide a vision for the development of the effectiveness of the dissemination of innovations to rationalize the use of irrigation water in Iraqi agriculture. In light of the framework of the dissemination of agricultural innovations, factors related to their effectiveness, and the summary of the Iraqi experience in the field of dissemination of modern irrigation technologies and the factors related to its limited effectiveness, the vision was prepared to develop the effectiveness of the dissemination of these innovations. The vision consists of eight integrated elements, which are distributed to the internal and external environment for the dissemination of agricultural innovations, which are defined as follows: 1. Enhancing national responsibility and institutionalized partnership. 2. Development of planning. 3. Updating the approach of disseminating innovations. 4. Capacity development. 5. Active supplying. 6. Develop an enabling environment. 7. Establishment and development of infrastructure. 8. Monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement.
The search involve the synthesis of some new 1,3-oxazepine and 1,3-diazepine derivatives were synthesized from Schiff base. The Schiff base (VIII) prepared from reaction of aldehyde (IV) derived from L-ascorbic acid with aromatic amine ([2-(4- nitrophenyl)-5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole] (VII). Oxazepine compounds (IX-XI) were synthesized from the cyclic condensation of Schiff base (VIII) with (maleic, phthalic and 3-nitrophthalic) anhydride, compounds (IX-XI) that were reacted with p-methoxyaniline to give diazepine derivatives (XII-XIV). The structures of the new synthesized compounds have been confirmed by physical properties and spectroscopy measurements such as FTIR, and some of them by 1 H-NMR, 13 CNMR, Mass, and evaluated
... Show MoreA square experimental arena with vegetation on one interior side was deployed in a Sharjah, United Arab Emirates desert. Individual darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) Akis subtricostata Redtenbacher, 1850 and Trachyderma philistina Reiche and Saulcy, 1857 were placed inside the arena at temperatures ranging between 27 - 49°C. Whether they chose the vegetated side of the arena or not was recorded, as well as how long it took for them to reach the vegetated side, if they chose it. Both species preferred the vegetated side at all temperatures, and the chance of them choosing the vegetated side increased significantly with increasing temperature (logistic regression, p = 0.0096 and p = 0.0003 for
... Show MoreTwo new Schiff bases (S1,S2) derived from 2-Amino-2-deoxy chitosamine and mnitrobenzaldehyde
(S1), and with salicylaldehyde (S2) were prepared and
characterized using FTIR, UV and mass spectrometry. New complexes of the
transition metal ions Co (II), Ni (II), Pd (II), Pt (II) with the two ligands were
synthesized and their structures were elucidated depending on atomic absorption,
FTIR, UV-visible spectra in addition to magnetic susceptibility and electrical
conductivity measurement. Metal to ligand [M: L] ratio was obtained for all
complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method, which gave comparable results with
those obtained for the solid complexes. Stability constant of the complexes were
determined using s
The gas material balance equation (MBE) has been widely used as a practical as well as a simple tool to estimate gas initially in place (GIIP), and the ultimate recovery (UR) factor of a gas reservoir. The classical form of the gas material balance equation is developed by considering the reservoir as a simple tank model, in which the relationship between the pressure/gas compressibility factor (p/z) and cumulative gas production (Gp) is generally appeared to be linear. This linear plot is usually extrapolated to estimate GIIP at zero pressure, and UR factor for a given abandonment pressure. While this assumption is reasonable to some extent for conventional reservoirs, this may incur
This study deals with the interpretation of structural 3D seismic reflection of the Kumait oil field in southern Iraq within the administrative boundaries of the Maysan Governorate. Synthetic seismograms are prepared by using available data of the Kt-1 oil field by using Petrel software to define and pick the reflector on the seismic section of the Zubair Formation, Which represents the Cretaceous Age. The study shows that the Kumait structure is an anticline fold. It is thought to be a structure trap caused by the collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates and trending in the same direction as driving factors in the area, which are from the northwest to the southeast, and the overall trend of strata is north and northeast. Sei
... Show MoreAnemia in pregnancy can considerably elevate the maternal mortality risk and can negatively distress the development of fetus.
To assess the association between neonatal outcomes and maternal anemia (MA) among pregnant women (PW).
The present work is a clinical prospective one performed at Al-Elwiya Maternity
The background subtraction is a leading technique adopted for detecting the moving objects in video surveillance systems. Various background subtraction models have been applied to tackle different challenges in many surveillance environments. In this paper, we propose a model of pixel-based color-histogram and Fuzzy C-means (FCM) to obtain the background model using cosine similarity (CS) to measure the closeness between the current pixel and the background model and eventually determine the background and foreground pixel according to a tuned threshold. The performance of this model is benchmarked on CDnet2014 dynamic scenes dataset using statistical metrics. The results show a better performance against the state-of the art
... Show MoreA widespread variety of toxicants modify miRNAs profiles in target tissues. Five rat treatment groups were selected for this study, each consisting of five animals and an additional one left untreated used as a control. Administration of the carcinogen 4-Nitroquinoline (4-NQO) lasted for 5 months with four weeks intervals separating the successive groups. When the carcinogen intake period ended, the animals were euthanized and renal tissue was collected for both histopathological and molecular investigations. The results showed no significant difference (p=0.65) between the animal groups that showed kidney tissue toxicity and those that did not. Conversely, a statistically significant difference emerged if the m
... Show MoreCoherent noise such as ground roll and guided wave is present in the seismic line DE21 (East Diwaniya south eastern Iraq) and it obscures seismic signal and degrades from the quality of data. To attenuate the coherent noise from the shot gather and the Stack of the seismic line, AGORA filter was applied in order to obtain the good signal as the hyperbola shape in shot gather and the reflectors will be clearly to interpret it later. It has given good results and the coherent noise was attenuated in high ratio on all the line. The spectrum analysis is confirmed the effectiveness of AGORA filter to attenuate the coherent noise.