Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been found to be highly effective as electrolytes in TiO2 NTAs-graphite cells when combined with additives that enhance conductivity by reducing the viscosity of these liquids. The presence of CaCl2.6H2O: Acetamide DES with DI water as an additive resulted in a cell voltage of 1.31V and an internal resistance of 19 ohm. This can be attributed to the concentration and quality of the ionic species. The cells exhibited an interesting response to the AlCl3-chloroacetamide IL with dichloromethane DCM as an additive, with a cell voltage of 1.81V and an internal resistance of 5.0 ohm. Once again, this is influenced by the quality and concentration of the ionic species. Furthermore,

This paper  studied  kinetics  of flotation   of  emulsified  paraffine  in  water  in  bubble  column  with  sodium .dodecylsulphate as a collector agent. The effects of oil drops and air bubble diameters on the flotation rate constant were studied. The removal rate for each oil drop size was first order with respect to oil drop concentration. An experimental procedure permitting determination of the first order rate constants for  removal due to bubble/drop interaction was developed, decreasing bubble diameter by adding NaCl and increasing oil drop diameter increased the rate constants. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical rate constants showed

Broyden update is one of the one-rank updates which solves the unconstrained optimization problem but this update does not guarantee the positive definite and the symmetric property of Hessian matrix.

In this paper the guarantee of positive definite and symmetric property for the Hessian matrix will be established by updating the vector  which represents the difference between the next gradient and the current gradient of the objective function assumed to be twice continuous and differentiable .Numerical results are reported to compare the proposed method with the Broyden method under standard problems.

This paper proposes a new strategy to enhance the performance and accuracy of the Spiral dynamic algorithm (SDA) for use in solving real-world problems by hybridizing the SDA with the Bacterial Foraging optimization algorithm (BFA). The dynamic step size of SDA makes it a useful exploitation approach. However, it has limited exploration throughout the diversification phase, which results in getting trapped at local optima. The optimal initialization position for the SDA algorithm has been determined with the help of the chemotactic strategy of the BFA optimization algorithm, which has been utilized to improve the exploration approach of the SDA. The proposed Hybrid Adaptive Spiral Dynamic Bacterial Foraging (HASDBF)

Three phenol-formaldehyde resins having pendant maleimides were prepared by poly condensation of N-(hydroxyphenyl) maleimides with formaldehyde under conditions similar to those in Novolac preparation. The prepared resins were modified by two methods, the first one includes esterification of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the prepared resins via their treatment with benzoyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl and cinnamoyl chlorides respectively in the presence of triethylamine, while the second modification includes free radical polymerization of vinylic bonds in the prepared resins to produce cross-linked thermally stable polymers.

Aim: To evaluate the commercial pure titanium disks that structuring by laser in two design (dot and groove) each one with three different laser scan (5, 15 and 25) and comparing with titanium surface that not subjected to any surface structuring (control) through measuring the wettability test and surface roughness test. Materials and methods: Structuring on the surface of the commercial pure titanium (CP Ti) disks was performed via using fiber laser CNC machine in two design (dot and groove) in three different laser scans (5, 15 and 25), then the structuring disks analyzed with the control group by atomic force microscope and water contact angle test. Results: The results of this study showed that the surface roughness and the wettability

   Molecular barcoding was widely recognized as a powerful tool for the identification of organisms during the past decade; the aim of this study is to use the molecular approach to identify the diatoms by using the environmental DNA. The diatom specimens were taken from Tigris River. The environmental DNA(e DNA) extraction and analysis of sequences using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method showed the highest percentage of epipelic diatom genera including Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, 1994 (21.1%), Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, 1838 (21.3%) and Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith, 1856 (16.3%).

   Five species of diatoms: Achnanthidiu

The study aims to build a water quality index that fits the Iraqi aquatic systems and reflects the environmental reality of Iraqi water. The developed Iraqi Water Quality Index (IQWQI) includes physical and chemical components. To build the IQWQI, Delphi method was used to communicate with local and global experts in water quality indices for their opinion regarding the best and most important parameter we can use in building the index and the established weight of each parameter. From the data obtained in this study, 70% were used for building the model and 30% for evaluating the model. Multiple scenarios were applied to the model inputs to study the effects of increasing parameters. The model was built 4 by 4 until it reached 17 parame