Home New Trends in Information and Communications Technology Applications Conference paper Audio Compression Using Transform Coding with LZW and Double Shift Coding Zainab J. Ahmed & Loay E. George Conference paper First Online: 11 January 2022 126 Accesses Part of the Communications in Computer and Information Science book series (CCIS,volume 1511) Abstract The need for audio compression is still a vital issue, because of its significance in reducing the data size of one of the most common digital media that is exchanged between distant parties. In this paper, the efficiencies of two audio compression modules were investigated; the first module is based on discrete cosine transform and the second module is based on discrete wavelet transform. The proposed audio compression system consists of the following steps: (1) load digital audio data, (2) transformation (i.e., using bi-orthogonal wavelet or discrete cosine transform) to decompose the audio signal, (3) quantization (depend on the used transform), (4) quantization of the quantized data that separated into two sequence vectors; runs and non-zeroes decomposition to apply the run length to reduce the long-run sequence. Each resulted vector is passed into the entropy encoder technique to implement a compression process. In this paper, two entropy encoders are used; the first one is the lossless compression method LZW and the second one is an advanced version for the traditional shift coding method called the double shift coding method. The proposed system performance is analyzed using distinct audio samples of different sizes and characteristics with various audio signal parameters. The performance of the compression system is evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Compression Ratio. The outcomes of audio samples show that the system is simple, fast and it causes better compression gain. The results show that the DSC encoding time is less than the LZW encoding time.
The antibacterial activity of some extracts of A. eupatoria (aqueous and ethanolic) against some pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ) and their activity on wound healing in rats , also the presence of some active compounds in both extracts were detected . The results showed that the ethanolic extract was more effective on inhibiting tested bacteria than the aqueous extract . P.aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria, while highest inhibition zone appeared on E.coli (20 mm) .There was a moderate activity against S.aureus with inhibition zone 15 mm. by using ethanolic extract (10 mg/ml) . The phytochemical analysis for detection of active compounds revealed the presence of Carbohydrate
... Show Moreobjectives: To investigate the polyomaviruses (BK, JC) in asymptomatic kidney transplant recipients and healthy persons as control. It is one of the first reports on serological detection and molecular characterization that describes the circulation of polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV) have been done in Iraq recently. Methodology: The present study was designed as prospective case control study was done during the period from November 2015 to August 2016. Total of 97 serum and urine samples were collected randomly from 25 healthy control person and 72 renal transplant recipients, attending Iraqi Renal Transplantatio
Spot panchromatic satellite image had been employed to study and know the difference Between ground and satellite data( DN ,its values varies from 0-255) where it is necessary to convert these DN values to absolute radiance values through special equations ,later it converted to spectral reflectance values .In this study a monitoring of the environmental effect resulted from throwing the sewage drainages pollutants (industrial and home) into the Tigris river water in Mosul, was achieved, which have an effect mostly on physical characters specially color and turbidity which lead to the variation in Spectral Reflectance of the river water ,and it could be detected by using many remote sensing techniques. The contaminated areas within th
... Show MoreWe can summarize the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by looking at our nutrition, age, and lifestyle. β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are outcomes of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. As an indirect result of IR on important metabolic enzymes, lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are also a factor in T2DM patients. Recent research has indicated that lipid fluctuation may be the cause of poor glucose metabolism as well as one of its effects. Fatty acids (FAs) affect cell membrane fluidity and permeability, insulin receptor binding and signaling, and the translocation of glucose transporters. Therefore, it is suggested that FAs might play a crucial part in the emergence of IR and T2DM. The cu
... Show MorePDBN Rashid, International Journal of Professional Studies, 2023
The present research focuses on the study of the effect of mass transfer resistance on the rate of heat transfer in pool boiling. The nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients for binary mixtures (ethanol-n-butanol, acetone-n-butanol, acetone-ethanol, hexane-benzene, hexane-heptane, and methanol-water) were measured at different concentrations of the more volatile components. The systems chosen covered a wide range of mixture behaviors.
The experimental set up for the present investigation includes electric heating element submerged in the test liquid mounted vertically. Thermocouple and a digital indictor measured the temperature of the heater surface. The actual heat transfer rate being obtained by multiplying the voltme
... Show MoreCephalexin and its derivatives are commonly utilized in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industry due to their biological and pharmaceutical activities, including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and herbicidal activities as well as possessing high palatability and being useful for skin and joint infections. Interestingly, some organic drugs, including cephalexin, which exhibit toxicological and pharmacological properties, can be administered in forms of metal complexes. Many researchers have synthesized organic ligands derived from cephalexin in forms of Schiff bases and azo compounds which exhibited higher biological and medicinal properties when compared to cephalexin alone. One of the important features that make Schiff base
... Show MoreThree strain of Bacillus cereus were obtained from soil sours Laboratories of Biology Department/ College of Science/ University of Baghdad. The bacteria secreted extracellular xylanase in liquid cultur the test ability of xylanase production from these isolates was studied semi quantitative and quantitative screening appeared that Bacillus cereus X3 was the highest xylanase producer. The enzyme was partial purification 191 fold from cultur by reached step by 4 U/mg proteins by ammonium sulfat precipitation 80%, Ion exchang DEAE-cellulos chromatography Characterization study of the partial purifation enzyme revealed that the enzyme had a optimum activity pH8 and activity was stable in the pH rang (8-10) for 30min. maximal activity was attai
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