In this work, the plasma parameters (electron temperature and
electron density) were determined by optical emission spectroscopy
(OES) produced by the RF magnetron Zn plasma produced by
oxygen and argon at different working pressure. The spectrum was
recorded by spectrometer supplied with CCD camera, computer and
NIST standard of neutral and ionic lines of Zn, argon and oxygen.
The effects of pressure on plasma parameters were studied and a
comparison between the two gasses was made.

A nano-sensor for nitrotyrosine (NT) molecule was found by studying the interactions of NT molecule with new B24N24 nanocages. It was calculated using density functionals in this case. The predicted adsorption mechanisms included physical and chemical adsorption with the adsorption energy of −2.76 to −4.60 and −11.28 to −15.65 kcal mol−1, respectively. The findings show that an NT molecule greatly increases the electrical conductivity of a nanocage by creating electronic noise. Moreover, NT adsorption in the most stable complexes significantly affects the Fermi level and the work function. This means the B24N24 nanocage can detect NT as a Φ–type sensor. The recovery time was determined to be 0.3 s. The sensitivity of pure BN na

Introduction: Diabetic foot infections are one of the most severe complications of diabetes. This study was aimed to determine the common bacterial isolates of diabetic foot infections and the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility then treatment.
Methods: A swab was taken from the foot ulcer, and the aerobic bacteria were isolated and identified by cultural, microscopic and biochemical test, then by api-20E system. After that their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined. Then local and systemic treatment was used to treat the diabetic foot patients.
Results: Bacterial isolates belonging to twelve species were obtained from diabetic foot patients. Gram (-) bacteria were the predominant pathogens in the diabetic foot infection

The reducing of erosion and the solubility of irrigation canals soils which constructed on gypsum soil is important in civil and water resources engineering. The main problem of gypsum soils is the presence of gypsum which represents one of most complex engineering problems, especially when accompanied by the moving of water which represent dynamic load along the canal. There are several solutions to this problem, in this research “Poly urethane” is used to give the gypsum soil sufficient hardness to reduce the solubility and erosion, after compacting the soil in the canal, percentages of Poly urethane was used to making cover to the soil by mixing percent of soil with Poly urethane, and the ratio was as follows: (5 and 10) % an

The analysis of Iraqi light oil (light naphtha) by capillary gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed by the injection of whole naphtha sample without use of solvents. Qualitative analysis and the identification of the hydrocarbon constituents of light naphtha was performed and comparison had been done with American light oil (light naphtha). The obtained results showed a major difference between the two-light naphtha.

Rainwater harvesting could be a possible solution to decrease the consequences of water scarcity and energy deficiency in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). This study aims to calculate the water and energy (electricity) saved by rainwater harvesting for rooftops and green areas in Sulaimani city, KR, Iraq. Various data were acquired from different formal entities in Sulaimani city. Moreover, Google Earth and ArcMap 10.4 software were used for digitizing and calculating the total rooftop and green areas. The results showed that for the used runoff coefficients (0.8 and 0.95), the harvested rainwater volumes were 2901563 and 12197131 m³ during the study period (2005 – 2006) and (2019-2020). Moreover, by compa

Cu X Zn1-XO films with different x content have been prepared by
pulse laser deposition technique at room temperatures (RT) and
different annealing temperatures (373 and 473) K. The effect of x
content of Cu (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) wt.% on morphology and
electrical properties of CuXZn1-XO thin films have been studied.
AFM measurements showed that the average grain size values for
CuXZn1-xO thin films at RT and different annealing temperatures
(373, 473) K decreases, while the average Roughness values increase
with increasing x content. The D.C conductivity for all films
increases as the x content increase and decreases with increasing the
annealing temperatures. Hall measurements showed that there are
two

This work deals with kinetics and chemical equilibrium studies of esterification reaction of ethanol with acetic acid. The esterification reaction was catalyzed by an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlyst- 15) using a batch stirred tank reactor. The pseudo-homogenous and Eley-Rideal models were successfully fitted with experimental data. At first, Eley-Rideal model was examined for heterogeneous esterification of acetic acid and ethanol. The pseudo-homogenous model was investigated with a power-law model. The apparent reaction order was determined to be (0.88) for Ethanol and (0.92) for acetic acid with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.981 and 0.988, respectively. The reaction order was determined to be 4.1087x10-3 L0.8/(mol0.8.min) with

In the present work, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique was applied to a pellet of Chromium Oxide (99.999% pure) with 2.5 cm diameter and 3 mm thickness at a pressure of 5 Tons using a Hydraulic piston. The films were deposited using Nd: YAG laser λ= (4664) nm at 600 mJ and 400 number of shot on a glass substrate, The thickness of the film was (107 nm). Structural and morphological analysis showed that the films started to crystallize at annealing temperature greater than 400 oC. Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (300-
4400) nm before and after annealing. The effects of annealing temperature on absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of d