Leishmania is the causative agent of leishmaniasis, a widely distributed disease. Amastigote forms of Leishmania are intracellular and reside within the macrophage of the vertebrate host. Previous studies showed that certain Leishmania species may scavenge host factors for survival, specially sphingolipids, the key element of the eukaryotic membranes. In this study we have investigated the survival of new world L. mexicana amastigotes in murine macrophage cell-line in the presence and absence of foetal bovine serum (FBS). Results showed that there was no significance in the infectivity of amastigotes and also the number of parasite per cell; such findings suggest that L. mexicana amastigotes have its own pathway of sphingolipid intake and can survive and infect the macrophage with no serum added. This differs from previous studies on the old world Leishmania major which has been found to scavenge host sphingolipid for surviving and infectivity.
This research was designed to study effect of performance appraisal dimensions on organizational confidence.
Asset completion questionnaire was used to collect data of this research from a random simple represent forty employees who works in Iraqi Oil ministry. The main result of this research was positive relations and the effect between performance appraisal and organizational confidence. The research contains some conclusions, the main of it is unimplemented the performance appraisal results in the policies of employees in the ministry and it work in classic methods incentives and training.
The important recommendations must doing to achieve integrating between the result of pe
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Tax fraud is following different methods of tax evasion (bypassing the laws, instructions and regulations related to tax) by not showing the real taxable income by using laws, instructions and regulations improperly, and because of the weak basic role of forensic accounting in detecting and reducing tax fraud, the problem has become more influential on the state general tax income. The main objective of the research is to identify forensic accounting and the extent to how it can be applied in the General Tax Authority to assist forensic authorities in issuing judgments in fraud cases. To achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical approach was used to reach the topic of the research, and a questionnaire (co
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It is necessary for police agencies both in the United States and elsewhere in the world to have rapid intervention units that carry out special tasks that regular police cannot handle, such as carrying out search warrants and arresting dangerous criminals, Armed robbery, release of hostages, terrorist incidents, mentally disturbed persons, and other special missions. They are supposed to be well trained, highly self-confident; working together, self-disciplined, and use the force to deal with the special situations they may face. Either there have been many cases in the United States of America against members of these units, personally or against the agencies, they work in because of excessive use of force in many cases that have been use
... Show MoreFound through the study of tissues Alnbarh and domestic focus where a direct impact on the development of the larvae mature into pupae and then to adults appeared to clay soils have a negative impact more than sandy soil at different concentrations salt where as it turns out that the percentage of evolution fly larvae worm Lhalzonnih of the ancient worldadult to have reached more than 80%
Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) are a promising energy source that could compete with lithium-ion batteries and perhaps proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for next-generation electrified transportation and energy storage applications. In the present work, a flow-type ZAFC with mechanical rechargeable was adopted, combined with an auxiliary cell (electrolyzer) for zinc renewal and electrolyte recharge to the main cell. In this work a practical study was performed to calculate the cell capacity (Ah), as well as study the electrolysis cell efficiency by current efficiency, and study the effective parameters that have an influence on cell performance such as space velocity and current density. The best parameters were selected to
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Most of the known cases of strong gravitational lensing involve multiple imaging of an active galactic nucleus. The properties of lensed active galactic nuclei make them promising systems for astrophysical applications of gravitational lensing. So we present a simple model for strong lensing in the gravitational lensed systems to calculate the age of four lensed galaxies, in the present work we take the freedman models with (k curvature index =0) Euclidian case, and the result show a good agreement with the other models.
Acinetobacter baumannii is highly adapted to hospital environments, causing persistent chronic infections due to its ability to form biofilms. In this work, the antibiofilm activity of AuNPs with a subMIC concentration of 9.34 μg/ml was investigated by the microtiter plate method against 80 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. The results revealed that the biofilm was significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by 48.2 – 82.1%.
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The Iraqi-Kuwaiti relations represent a great issue for the Arab-Arab relations. This relation is characterized by specificity for the tension since the foundation of the State of Kuwait until late. There are many factors that prevented the fulfillment of the aspiration towards the development of the relations, perhaps the most important of which is the issue of Mubarak Great Port which is a difficult issue as far as the relation between the two states is concerned. One year after Iraq put the cornerstone of the Great Faw Port. This is considered as the most important hurdle in front of constructing the relations with the neighbor Kuwait