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A survey on deep learning tools dealing with data scarcity: definitions, challenges, solutions, tips, and applications
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Abstract<p>Data scarcity is a major challenge when training deep learning (DL) models. DL demands a large amount of data to achieve exceptional performance. Unfortunately, many applications have small or inadequate data to train DL frameworks. Usually, manual labeling is needed to provide labeled data, which typically involves human annotators with a vast background of knowledge. This annotation process is costly, time-consuming, and error-prone. Usually, every DL framework is fed by a significant amount of labeled data to automatically learn representations. Ultimately, a larger amount of data would generate a better DL model and its performance is also application dependent. This issue is the main barrier for many applications dismissing the use of DL. Having sufficient data is the first step toward any successful and trustworthy DL application. This paper presents a holistic survey on state-of-the-art techniques to deal with training DL models to overcome three challenges including small, imbalanced datasets, and lack of generalization. This survey starts by listing the learning techniques. Next, the types of DL architectures are introduced. After that, state-of-the-art solutions to address the issue of lack of training data are listed, such as Transfer Learning (TL), Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Model Architecture (MA), Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN), and Deep Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (DeepSMOTE). Then, these solutions were followed by some related tips about data acquisition needed prior to training purposes, as well as recommendations for ensuring the trustworthiness of the training dataset. The survey ends with a list of applications that suffer from data scarcity, several alternatives are proposed in order to generate more data in each application including Electromagnetic Imaging (EMI), Civil Structural Health Monitoring, Medical imaging, Meteorology, Wireless Communications, Fluid Mechanics, Microelectromechanical system, and Cybersecurity. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first review that offers a comprehensive overview on strategies to tackle data scarcity in DL.</p>
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 01 2026
Journal Name
Energy
Smart buildings envelope utilise triple PCM for offset and reduce peak load using deep clustering of multi-agent control
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 24 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of The American Oil Chemists' Society
Development of natural deep eutectic solvent‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction method for soap removal from biodiesel: Optimization and kinetics
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Abstract<p>The soap content in biodiesel is an important challenge during the production and purification processing of biodiesel. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have recently attracted considerable interest as an environmentally suitable substitute for traditional solvents in the biodiesel industry. This work investigates the soap removal from the contaminated biodiesel using NADES. Eight choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were screened using the conductor‐like screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS) to identify the most suitable solvent for soap removal and were validated experimentally. The effect of NADES molar ratio, NADES:biodiesel ratio, mixing speed and extraction ti</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Colloids And Surfaces A: Physicochemical And Engineering Aspects
Integration of deep eutectic solvent and activated carbon in emulsion liquid membrane system for soap removal from crude biodiesel
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of enabling the effectiveness of the work of the audit committees in private commercial banks (A survey study of the views of a sample of the objective of the inspection bodies represented by the Central Bank and the Securities Commission and e
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The aim of this study is to identify the effect of enabling the effectiveness of the work of the audit committees in private commercial banks and to identify the extent of awareness of the importance of empowerment in the work of these committees, especially as it is known that these committees, especially the inspection committees that go to private banks and from various sources including committees of the Central Bank of Iraq Committees of the Securities Commission and finally committees of the external audit offices, through an analysis of the determinants of empowerment in the performance of the most important work of the audit committees, namely: supervising the process of preparing reports, supervising the system of intern

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2026
Journal Name
Natural Resources For Human Health
The Effect of Rehabilitation Exercises Using Cryotherapy on Pain Reduction and Improving Range of Motion in a Sample of Patients with Frozen Shoulder
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This research aims to develop rehabilitation exercises using cryotherapy for patients with frozen shoulder, Identify the effect of rehabilitation exercises combined with cryotherapy on pain relief and improved range of motion in the experimental group , and identify the effect of standard rehabilitation exercises on pain relief and improved range of motion in the control group, and identify the differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests for the variables of pain and range of motion. The researchers used an experimental design with two equivalent groups (experimental and control) using pre- and post-tests, as it was suitable for the nature of the research problem and its objectives, the research populat

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 18 2018
Journal Name
Https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/170012#:~:text=al.qadisiya%20journal%20for%20the%20sciences%20of%20physical%20education
The Effect Of Using Two Strategies For Active Learning ( Jigsaw Strategy & Problems Solving) In Learning Some Balanced Beam's Skills In Artistic Gymnastics
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The aim of this study to identify the effect of using two strategies for active learning ( Jigsaw Strategy & Problems Solving) in learning some balanced beam's skills in artistic gymnastics for women , as well as to identify the best of the three methods (jigsaw strategy , problems solving and the traditional method) in learning some skills balance beam , the research has used the experimental methodology, and the subject included the students of the college of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad / third grade and by the lot was selected (10) students for each group of groups Search three and The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used means, the standard deviation and the (T.test), the one way a n

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 31 2026
Journal Name
The Iraqi Geological Journal
Reducing Dependency on Core Data for Permeability Estimation Using Well Log-Derived Electrofacies and Flow Zone Indicators (FZI) in the Mishrif Formation, Nasiriyah Oil Field, South of Iraq
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Accurate estimation of permeability is essential for reliable reservoir characterization and simulation. However, core data are often limited due to their high cost and operational constraints, leading to significant uncertainty in uncored intervals. This study aims to reduce the dependence on core data for permeability estimation by integrating electrofacies derived from well logs and flow zone indicator analysis in the Mishrif Formation, Nasiriyah oil field. Electrofacies were generated using dynamic clustering based on the log data from 13 wells. This led to the identification of five electrofacies units that represent intervals with similar log responses, formed by merging 75 electrofacies, where flow zone indicators analysis id

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 20 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Nano Research
Impact of Copper Doping on Nanocrystalline SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Thin Films Synthesized by Sol-Gel Coating and Chemical Bath Deposition for Gas Sensor Applications
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This work focuses on the preparation of pure nanocrystalline SnO2 and SnO2:Cu thin films on cleaned glass substrates utilizing a sol-gel spin coating and chemical bath deposition (CBD) procedures. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the possible use of these thin films in the context of gas sensor applications. The films underwent annealing in an air environment at a temperature of 500 ◦C for duration of 60 minutes. The thickness of the film that was deposited may be estimated to be around 300 nm. The investigation included an examination of the structural, optical, electrical, and sensing characteristics, which were explored across various preparation circumstances, specifically focusing on varied

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 18 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The challenges of precision axes for futuristic regional relations in the middle east (Iraq after post triumph's period)
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The research has tackled about an important transformation within the whole region of middle east, especially there were more challenges which revealed under the huge pivotal interests of global powers that ruled the new world order by United states of America ; being very affected over the international and regional relations than any situations appeared previously within political realities. So that, many of variables inside the international scene which happened during of this period of contradicting strategic policies by the process of reforming and restructuring of difficult equations that imposed by international and regional allies and blocs . This article had concentrated over various strategic and political studies which reflect

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
البحوث التربوية والنفسية
the effect of an educational -learning programe according to the concepts of renewable energy and nanotechnology on technological enlightenment among students of the che chemistry department
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