The genetic diversity was studied in sixteen barley Hordeum vulgar L. species cultivated in Iraq , which are differ in their ability to drought stress tolerance by using random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD - PCR ) .Barley species was evaluated to drought stress  after treatment the plant seedling at germination stages to different concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEDG6000) . The results showed that the Broaq and Arefat species have the highest tolerance to drought stress in contrast the rest of Barly species like Alkhair, Alwarkaa, Ebaa99, Shoaa, Alrafidain,Sameer Rehana 3 , forat9 , jazeral ,and ebaa7 revealed sensitivity to drought stress .      The primes which used RAPD technique

In solar-thermal adsorption/desorption processes, it is not always possible to preserve equal operating times for the adsorption/desorption modes due to the fluctuating supply nature of the source which largely affects the system’s operating conditions. This paper seeks to examine the impact of adopting unequal adsorption/desorption times on the entire cooling performance of solar adsorption systems. A cooling system with silica gel–water as adsorbent-adsorbate pair has been built and tested under the climatic condition of Iraq. A mathematical model has been established to predict the system performance, and the results are successfully validated via the experimental findings. The results show that, the system can be operational

This paper presents the non-linear finite element method to study the behavior of four reinforced rectangular concrete MD beams with web circular openings tested under two-point load. The numerical finite elements methods have been used in a much more practical way to achieve approximate solutions for more complex problems.  The ABAQUS /CAE is chosen to explore the behavior of MD beams. This paper also studies, the effect of both size and shape of the circular apertures of MD beams. The strengthening technique that used in this paper is externally strengthening using CFRP around the opening in the MD beams. The numerical results were compared to the experimental results in terms of ultimate load failure and displace

The monthly time series of the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations in Euphrates River at Nasria was analyzed as a time series. The data used for the analysis was the monthly series during (1977-2000).

The series was tested for nonhomogenity and found to be nonhomogeneous. A significant positive jump was observed after 1988. This nonhomogenity was removed using a method suggested by Yevichevich (7). The homogeneous series was then normalized using Box and Cox (2) transformation. The periodic component of the series was fitted using harmonic analyses, and removed from the series to obtain the dependent stochastic component. This component was then modeled using first order autoregressive model (Markovian chain). The above a

Among all the common mechanical transmission elements, gears still playing the most dominant role especially in the heavy duty works offering extraordinary performance under extreme conditions and that the cause behind the extensive researches concentrating on the enhancement of its durability to do its job as well as possible. Contact stress distribution within the teeth domain is considered as one of the most effective parameters characterizing gear life, performance, efficiency, and application so that it has been well sought for formal gear profiles and paid a lot of attention for moderate tooth shapes. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of pressure angle, speed ratio, and correction factor on the maxi

We studied in this research how to find a method of estimating the quantity (Kinetically) of three kinds of Insecticide and their mixture, which are used in agriculture. The extracted insecticide from the polluted samples with these insect from air, soil, and the leaves of trees, have be used into the reaction with H2O2 and benzedine. The kinetic study of this reaction was formed in basic medium,( pH= 8.6), using UV. Spectra at (?= 420nm). The study showed that the reaction is the first order, and the speed of the reaction was used to estimate the concentration of insecticide in solution and mixture. The experiments of this study indicated that this method has the speed and efficiency for quantitatively estimating these

In this paper a stage structure prey-predator model with Hollimg type IV functional response is proposed and analyzed. The local stability analysis of the system is carried out. The occurrence of a simple Hopf bifurcation and local bifurcation are investigated. The global dynamics of the system is investigated with the help of the Lyapunov function. Finally, the analytical obtained results are supported with numerical simulation and the effects of parameters system are discussed. It is observed that, the system has either stable point or periodic dynamics.