Crude oil is one of the most important sources of energy in the world. To extract its multiple components, we need oil refineries. Refineries consist of multiple parts, including heat exchangers, furnaces, and others. It is known that one of the initial operations in the refineries is the process of gradually raising the temperature of crude oil to 370 degrees centigrade or higher. Hence, in this investigation the focus is on the furnaces and the corrosion in their tubes. The investigation was accomplished by reading the thickness of the tubes for the period from 2008 to 2020 with a test in every two year, had passed from their introduction into the work. Where the thickness of more than one point was measured on each tube in the same row and the corrosion rate was extracted for three furnaces, starting from the area of heat transfer by radiation to the heat transfer area of the convection in three different operating units. It was found that the highest percentage corrosion value between the standard tube thickness and the thickness of conduction position was 37% with the conduction zone, and 31% with radiation zone. There, the tubes specification was tested. Five percent Cr-0.5 Moly and the temperature of radiation zone was 578 °C to 613 °C and the stack temperature was 410 °C to 450 °C. So, the results show that the maximum erosion occur at the convection zone.
Abstract
The term public budget defects became nowadays a chronic, economical phenomenon, almost all the countries weather advanced or development country suffered from it, despite the different visions to economic schools of a thought to accept or reject the deficit in public budget but the prevailed opinion that is needed to rule the role of the state by reducing the public spending which led to continuous deficits in public budget and the consequent upon increase in government borrowing, increase taxes on income and wealth, thus weakening the in contrive for private investment which contributed to the increase of in flationary stagnation, it became a duty to state covered by the lack of financial sources
... Show MoreWelcome to International Journal of Research in Social Sciences & Humanities (IJRSSH). It is an international refereed journal of Social Sciences, Humanities & Linguistics in English published quarterly, both print and online.
The research aimed to identify the level of reality of administrative values of sports activities in the Faculties of the university of Baghdad from the point of view of the leaders and those related to the divisions and units of student's activities and the case study method was adopted from the descriptive approach.
The emergence of artistic movements in Western countries was after the period of modernity. They have introduced a great dialectical problem at the level of thought and discourse, which necessitated a change in the course of the aesthetic discourse into new visions. Thus, the present research aims to identify the aesthetic discourse of pop artists' Art and its representations in the outputs of the students of the Department of Art Education. The theoretical framework included two sections: the first one, what is the aesthetic discourse and the second is the educational bases of the students' outputs. The procedures of the current research included the analytical descriptive approach. The research sample consisted of (4) outputs chosen ac
... Show MoreCurrent research aims to know the personality traits of gifted
and has been the preparation , students in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
pedagogy of talented ) 60 ( views of a sample of of the search tool of the
And has been applied to the . items ) 52 ( formed from the search tool , teachers
sample, and after treatment results reached statistical research results and the
researcher presented a number of recommendations including:
: Recommendations
1. Need for the development and rehabilitation of mentally gifted and structure
their characters in line and mental abilities and knowledge.
ams and psychological guidance for personal Preparation of scientific progr . 2
. development for the gifted
3. Work to
The research aimed to diagnose and interpretation of impact nature between Communities of practice dimensions (participation and spreading knowledge, confidence, social capital build) deportation strategic change choices (reengineering business process, business re-structuring, business innovation) in construction companies in the Iraqi Ministry of Construction and Housing, the research tested 4 construction companies working in investing sector in Iraq, the research applied on a sample of 102 persons who participated in Communities of practice distributed in several administrative levels (directors, division directors, project directors and engineers) the research used questionnaire as a main tool for dat
... Show MoreThe primary objective of this study was to identify the obstacles and problems encountered in the work of sports clubs according to the reality of the application of administrative automation. The present study was conducted in the sports club headquarters of Baghdad within the timeframe of October 2021 to December 2021. In the present study, a descriptive approach was used by the researchers in an analytical style according to the nature of the problem to be studied. The research community of the current study was composed of 100 sports clubs in the governorate of Baghdad. A total of 80 questionnaires were filled by the sample participants, who represented a percentage of 80% of the research community. After processin
... Show More