With the advancement of technology ,the study of cross-cultural communication via on line has become an important and researchable topic in linguistic theory and its applications.The aims of this study are two- fold (a) exploring the influence of cultural diversity on on-line interaction between American native speakers (NSs) and Iraqi non-native speakers (NNSs) of English which, together with other factors might potentially lead to what Thomas(1983) calls "pragmatic failure" (PF), a main cause of communication breakdowns and (b) specifying which type of PF occurs more frequently between the two groups along with the reasons behind such failures. To achieve these objectives , a number of online chats conducted between

With the advancement of technology ,the study of  cross-cultural communication via on line  has become  an important and researchable topic in linguistic theory and its applications.The  aims of  this study are two- fold (a)  exploring the influence of cultural diversity on on-line interaction between American  native  speakers (NSs) and  Iraqi non-native speakers (NNSs) of English which, together with other factors might potentially lead to what Thomas(1983) calls  "pragmatic failure" (PF), a main cause of communication breakdowns  and (b) specifying  which  type of PF  occurs more frequently between the two groups along with the reasons behind such failures. To achie

Objectives: Semen analysis is the cornerstone for the valuation of the male partner in the infertile couples. This test has been standardized throughout the world through the World Health Organization (WHO) since the1970s by producing, editing, updating, and disseminating a semen analysis manual and guidelines. A retrospective study to give an insight about  male infertility. Methods: This retrospective study assessed the semen findings of 1000 men evaluated at the  Department of Urology, Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital in Baghdad-Iraq  between January 2016 and May 2019. Semen analysis were done for them. Results: According to WHO standard for semen normality, 1000 samples that were analyzed, normospermia was shown in 835 (83.5%)males

     The goal of current research is to identify the difficulties in the application of modern physics in the middle schools of the province of Baghdad schools from the perspective of teachers of physics trends, sample search of (127) teachers, Karkh Third Directorate, and use Researcher questionnaire data collection tool after applying it to teachers who have experience (5) years and more after confirmation of the validity and reliability of the scale (the tool) researcher has used the averages for the purpose of interpreting the results. the results showed that the difficulties have been in the order following: (difficulties related educational environment of modern trends of teaching, curriculum-related dif

One of the main aims of Metrical Phonology Theory (MTT) is to provide the stress of poetry on the syllable, the foot, and the phonological word levels. Analyzing poetry embodies one of the most prominent and controversial metrical issues as the subsumed number and types of syllables, feet, and meters are balanced compared to other literary texts. The MTT saw the light during the late seventies (1975) and (1977) by Liberman and Prince, who produced it as part of non-linear phonology. Its roots originated in prosody, which studies poetic meter and versification. The basis of the metrical analysis is the prosodic analysis developed in London by Firth and his students in 1950. This study aims to identify the values of five metri

English, like any other language, has a number of such discourse markers including well, yes, surely, on the contrary, so and nevertheless. They are lexical items or grammatical forms typically serve to relate one utterance to another in discourse.
Discourse markers are considered as cues or signals for the reader or the hearer that make cohesion and coherence, In fact, these markers are found in various grammatical forms such as interjections, linking adverbials, greetings and farewells….etc. Discourse markers. Play a very important role, not only in conversation, but in written text as well.

A real method of predication brake pad wear ,could lead to substantiol economies of time and money. This paper describes how such a procedure has been used and gives the results to establish is reliability by comparing the predicted wear with that which actually occurs in an existing service. The experimental work was carried out on three different commercial samples ,tested under different operation conditions (speed,load,time...etc)using a test ring especially modified for this purpose. Abrasive wear is mainly studied , since it is the type of wear that takes place in such arrangements. Samples wear tested in presences of sand or mud between the mating surfaces under different operational conditions of speed, load and braking time .Mec

The aim of the study is to diagnose the real level of technology usage in teaching and learning EFL at university from teachers and students’ viewpoints, and see if it is possible to achieve something of the researchers’ dream - accessing top universities. Two questionnaires have been used to measure the range of technology usage in Colleges of Education for Women, Baghdad and Iraqi Universities, and College of Basic Education. The results have shown that the reality of using technology is still away from the dream. The results have been ascribed to two reasons: The first is the little knowledge of using technology in teaching, and the second is that technology is not included in the curriculum.

Iraqi EFL students face difficulties in writing composition, especially academic writing, which affects negatively their exam results. This study has been conducted in the Department of English at College of Education for Women, University of Baghdad, in order to identify first year EFL students’ incompetence in writing. This may enhance their achievement by some weekly writing activities. It deals with Iraqi EFL students’ difficulties in writing paragraphs such as descriptive, process, opinion, and factual paragraphs. The study aims to identify these difficulties and to suggest suitable solutions for them. The researcher perceives that it is necessary to enhance students’ skills in writing because it i

This study aims to discuss how English Language Textbook (ELT), used in Iraqi schools, can be developed. All Iraqi teachers in Iraq spend much time using ELT textbooks in classrooms, and most of the Iraqi students depend on these textbooks to learn and improve the English language, so choosing an appropriate ELT textbook is so essential. A suitable book must include critical components that fit teachers' and students' needs. The quality of ELT textbooks has been improved dramatically in recent years, even though these textbooks still do not meet students' needs, especially in language communication skills. This study seeks to investigate the most critical components that may make the ELT textbooks are more influential and interactive for Ir