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Optimizing performance of water-cooled photovoltaic-thermal modules: A 3D numerical approach
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To evaluate and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic solar modules connected with linear pipes for water supply, a three-dimensional numerical simulation is created and simulated via commercial software (Ansys-Fluent). The optimization utilizes the principles of the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics by employing the Response Surface Method (RSM). Various design parameters, including the coolant inlet velocity, tube diameter, panel dimensions, and solar radiation intensity, are systematically varied to investigate their impacts on energetic and exergitic efficiencies and destroyed exergy. The relationship between the design parameters and the system responses is validated through the development of a predictive model. Both single and multi-objective optimizations are performed using the predictive model to optimize the thermal and electrical productivity under different scenarios. The findings indicate the significance of the thermal exergy effectiveness, as evidenced by its low P-value for all solar system responses, indicating its crucial role in the predictive model. For single-objective optimization, the desirability is equal to 1 in cases where only heat transfer efficiency, whole energy effectiveness, or thermal exergy efficiency is maximized or only destroyed exergy is minimized. The improvements in energy and exergy efficiencies range from 3.55% to 69.13%, with the amount of destroyed exergy reduced by 81.47% compared to the base case. For multi-objective optimization, desirability values exceeding 0.829 and 0.655 are obtained for single and multi-objective scenarios, respectively, indicating that the expected performance is within desirable limits. The findings provide valuable insights for designing high-efficiency photovoltaic/thermal systems and addressing their challenges and limitations.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Chalcogenide Letters
Preparation and analysis of Ag2Se1-xTe x thin film structure on the physical properties at various temperatures by thermal evaporation
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Silver selenide telluride Semiconducting (Ag2Se0.8Te0.2) thin films were by thermal evaporation at RT with thickness350 nm at annealing temperatures (300, 348, 398, and 448) °K for 1 hour on glass substrates .using X-ray diffraction, the structural characteristics were calculated as a function of annealing temperatures with no preferential orientation along any plane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray techniques are used to analyze the Ag2SeTe thin films' physical makeup and properties. AFM techniques were used to analyze the surface morphology of the Ag2SeTe films, and the results showed that the values for average diameter, surface roughness, and grain size mutation increased with annealing temperature (116.36-171.02) nm The transm

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Publication Date
Wed May 03 2023
Journal Name
Chalcogenide Letters
Preparation and analysis of Ag2Se1-xTe x thin film structure on the physical properties at various temperatures by thermal evaporation
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Silver selenide telluride Semiconducting (Ag2Se0.8Te0.2) thin films were by thermal evaporation at RT with thickness350 nm at annealing temperatures (300, 348, 398, and 448) °K for 1 hour on glass substrates .using X-ray diffraction, the structural characteristics were calculated as a function of annealing temperatures with no preferential orientation along any plane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray techniques are used to analyze the Ag2SeTe thin films' physical makeup and properties. AFM techniques were used to analyze the surface morphology of the Ag2SeTe films, and the results showed that the values for average diameter, surface roughness, and grain size mutation increased with annealing temperature (116.36-171.02) nm The transm

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Food Process Engineering
Artificial intelligence‐based modeling of novel non‐thermal milk pasteurization to achieve desirable color and predict quality parameters during storage
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Abstract<sec><label></label><p>This study proposed using color components as artificial intelligence (AI) input to predict milk moisture and fat contents. In this sense, an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was applied to milk processed by moderate electrical field‐based non‐thermal (NP) and conventional pasteurization (CP). The differences between predicted and experimental data were not significant (<italic>p</italic> > 0.05) for lightness (<italic>L</italic>*), redness‐greenness (<italic>a</italic>*), yellowness‐blueness (<italic>b</italic>*), total color differences (∆<italic>E</italic>), hue angle (<italic>h</italic></p></sec> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 27 2022
Journal Name
Sustainability
Thermal Properties of Hydrated Lime-Modified Asphalt Concrete and Modelling Evaluation for Their Effect on the Constructed Pavements in Service
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Flexible pavements are subjected to three main distress types: fatigue crack, thermal crack, and permanent deformation. Under severe climate conditions, thermal cracking particularly contributes largely to a considerable scale of premature deterioration of pavement infrastructure worldwide. This challenge is especially relevant for Europe, as weather conditions vary significantly throughout the year. Hydrated lime (HL) has been recognized as an effective additive to improve the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete for pavement applications. Previous research has found that a replacement of conventional limestone dust filler using hydrated lime at 2.5% of the total weight of aggregates generated an optimum improvement in the mec

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 02 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Comparison of Properties of Various Heat Storage Fluids used with Evacuated Tube of Solar Water Heater
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The aim of this work was to capture solar radiation and convert it into solar thermal energy by using a storage material and the heat transfer fluid like oil and water and comparison between them, we used the evacuated tube as a receiver for solar radiation, The results showed that the oil better than water as storage material and the heat transfer fluid and the effective thermal conductivity material and good for power level, rates and durations of charge and discharge cycles.

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The reflection of strategic knowledge management on an improvement of excellent performance: A survey study at the Institution of Industrial Development and Research- the Ministry of Iraqi Industry (IDRMII)
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The current study aims to investigate the effect of strategic knowledge management practices on an excellent performance at the Institution of Industrial Development and Research- the Ministry of Iraqi Industry (IDRMII). The present research is designed according to the descriptive method. To achieve the mentioned research objective, the researchers used the questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The research sample was 150 managers who are working at the top and middle management levels. To analyses the data gathered and reaching the results, several statistical techniques were used within AMOS.V25, SPSS.V21Software, This study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a positive correlat

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 30 2025
Journal Name
Al-fatih Journal
Development of explosive power training with weights in a way the ups and downs and its impact on the improvement of some variables Albyukinmetekih and technical performance of the skill of a leap forward on your hands vaulting modern
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational commitment and its role in enhancing the performance of employees : exploratory search of the views of a sample of managers and employees of the General Company for Dairy Products
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Expected to The organizational commitment by employees increases their loyalty towards their organization and thus contribute to enhancing their performance , therefore this study aimed to discover the relationship and the impact between the organizational commitment (emotional commitment, standard commitment, continuous commitment) and the performance of employees in the company researched, additional to know the available organizational commitment levels of employees in the company researched and its impact on the performance of employees, Research was conducted at the General Company for products in the dairy to achieve the goals of research has been developed questionnaire conation (22 ) items to collect data from the study s

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 16 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Security and confidentiality of information and its impact on the competitive performance of insurance companies: A prospective study for the Iraq insurance company and ALhamraa Insurance company (private)
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The security of information represent the available  protection of  information and its component and guaranty the its safety and confidentiality. The absent or lack or stop of security of information and without maximum benefit may lead to lose confidence and make it burden on the company. So we must protect the company and information from the damages which may lead to the frailer of performance and loses of the company and its workers. So the security of information considered one of the potential  and controlling basis to protect individuals and companies from the damages. To insure the security  and confidentiality of information there are delicate,  proper and trusted ways, like FIRE WALL, PASS WORD, SYPHAR

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Seasonal Changes of Nutrient Concentrations in Water of Some Locations in Southern Iraqi Marshes, After Restoration.
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After restoration of Iraqi marshes during 2003, three locations were chosen, one in each main marsh (Um Al-Naaj site in Al-Hwaizeh marsh; Al-Nagarah site in Al-Hammar marsh and Al-Baghdadia site in Al-Chebaysh marsh) to determine the concentrations of nutrients (Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate and Silicate) in water seasonally for the period winter, spring, summer, and autumn at 2007. Five water replicates were collected from each site, seasonally. In the Lab., the samples were analyzed by colorimetric methods; the results showed that Um-Al-Naaj site has the highest nutrients level, while Al-Nagarah site has the lowest level. The statistical program t-test was applied at the significant levels (P-value < 0.01) and (P-value < 0.05) to know

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