The present research has investigated the effect of microwave energy on improving the flow properties of heavy crude oil. The fragmentation of crude oil molecules was carried out with and without using 1 and 10 wt. % concentration of various types of H-donors like tetralin, cyclohexane, and naphtha.  Microwave power of 320, 385, and 540 W and radiation time 1-9 min, and temperature were studied. The kinematic viscosity and asphaltene content were measured for evaluation the improving of heavy crude oil.

   Results show that viscosity of crude oil decreased with increase H-donor concentration, a maximum percentage of viscosity reduction was10.63 % for tetralin at 6 min radiation time, while 8.67%, and 7.34% for cycl

The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is frequently used in pavement engineering
for road pavement inspection. The main objective of this work is to validate
nondestructive, quick and powerful measurements using GPR for assessment of subgrade
and asphalt /concrete conditions. In the present study, two different antennas
(250, 500 MHz) were used. The case studies are presented was carried in University
of Baghdad over about 100m of paved road. After data acquisition and radar grams
collection, they have been processed using RadExplorer V1.4 software
implementing different filters with the most effective ones (time zero adjustment and
DC removal) in addition to other interpretation tool parameters.
The interpretatio

The aim of this study was to use low cost adsorbents, which consist of corn cobs as plant wastes adsorbents in treatment of Industrial waste water by fixed bed column technique and study the effect of two variables (pH value and contact time). The sample of plant waste (Corn cobs) was tested to determine its activity which gives the best performance in heavy metals removal and other pollutants (TSS, TDS and COD). Adsorption tests showed the corn cobs adsorbents had significant heavy metal removal efficiency. The best removal efficiency 95.05% of Cr was occurred at pH 5.4 and 4.18hr. Higher removal efficiency 99.90% of Ni was occurred at pH 6.5 and 2.38hr. While, lower removal efficiency 91.35% for Zn obtained at pH 6.5 and 0.15hr. Remova

Background: A review of articles of method in treating compound phalangeal fractures by using mini-external fixator, elaborating the anatomy, mechanics, modalities of treatment, and complications of these types of fractures. Also, it compares between different studies regarding the functional results and final outcome. External fixation of phalangeal fractures is a good method for osteo synthesis in certain situations. The simplicity of the surgical procedure and the minimal disruption of the normal bone architecture also make it appealing.Objectives: Evaluating the functional results of the use of mini-external fixator for the treatment of compound fractures of phalangeal bones of the hand.Method: Our study consists of 15 patients, 12 w

Depletion of fossil fuel is one of the main reasons why the bioethanol has become popular. It is a renewable energy source. In order to meet the great demand of bioethanol, it is best that the bioethanol production is from cheap raw materials. Since the golden shower fruit is not being utilized and is considered as waste material, hence, this study was conducted to make use of the large volume of the residue as feedstock to test its potential for bioethanol extraction.The main goal of this study is to obtain the most volume of bioethanol from the golden shower fruit liquid residue by the factors, days of fermentation (3, 5, and 7 days) and sugar concentration (15, 20 and 25 brix) of the liquid residue. Also, part of the study is to compu

Karbala province was one of the most important areas in Iraq and considered an
economic resource of vegetation such as trees of fruits, sieve and other vegetation.
This research aimed to utilize change detection for investigating the current
vegetation cover at last three decay. The main objectives of this research are collect
a group of studied area (Karbala province) satellite images in sequence time for
the same area, these image captured by Landsat (TM 1995, ETM+ 2005 and
Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) 2015. Preprocessing such as atmosphere
correction and rectification has been done. Mosaic model between the parts of
studied area was performing. Gap filling consider being very important step has
be

The best means and ways to develop an athlete's physical and skill capabilities, and among these means is the use of training aids that help develop some bio-kinetic abilities, and prepared exercises have had an important role in improving athletic performance in badminton, where the player must possess physical fitness, explosive power, and strength. Characterized by speed as well as accuracy, awareness, and focus while playing on the court, the badminton player must be physically fit through a continuous movement of small and large muscles to achieve good performance, which requires special physical abilities and skills, and the most important of these bio-kinetic abilities are agility, coordination, and measuring the coordination

      Manganese-zinc ferrite Mn_xZn_1-xFe₂O₄ (MnZnF) powder was prepared using the sol-gel method. The morphological, structural, and magnetic properties of MnZnF powder were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission-scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM). The XRD results showed that the MnxZn1-xFe2O4 that was formed had a trigonal crystalline structure. AFM results showed that the average diameter of Manganese-Zinc Ferrite is 55.35 nm, indicating that the sample has a nanostructure dimension. The EDX spectrum revealed the presence of transition metals (Mn, Fe, Zn, and O) in Mang

Accurate predictive tools for VLE calculation are always needed. A new method is introduced for VLE calculation which is very simple to apply with very good results compared with previously used methods. It does not need any physical property except each binary system need tow constants only. Also, this method can be applied to calculate VLE data for any binary system at any polarity or from any group family. But the system binary should not confirm an azeotrope. This new method is expanding in application to cover a range of temperature. This expansion does not need anything except the application of the new proposed form with the system of two constants. This method with its development is applied to 56 binary mixtures with 1120 equili

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Nano powder has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. The reaction took place between titanium tetrachloride (TiCI4) and mixture solution consisted of deionized water and ethanol, in the ratio (3:7) respectively. Structure and surface morphology of TiO2 Nano powder at different annealing temperatures in the range 200-800°C for 120 min were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR and UV/visible spectroscopy measurements. The results show that with an increase in annealing temperature, the value of the intensity of (110) peak for rutile phase increases while the value of the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) decreases, and the band gap de