لقد كان للثورة الرقمية التي ظهرت في القرن العشرين أثر في إحداث تأثيرات جذرية تضمنت نواحي الحياة المختلفة، خصوصًا في المجال الإقتصادي، والتي تمثلت بثلاث صور ( الذكاء الإصطناعيArtificial Intelligence( AI) وإنترنت الأشياء Internet of Things والبيانات الضخمة Big Data ، وفيما يتعلق بالذكاء الإصطناعي، فقد تم إكتشافهُ في منتصف خمسينات القرن الماضي الذي تعد الولادة الحقيقية لهُ في المؤتمر الذي نُظم في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية على يد العالمان John McCarthyو Marvin Minsky ، وعلى مرًّ السنين تطورت تقنيات الذكاء الإصطناعي بشكل متسارع الى أن وصلت بعض التطبيقات أن تكون لها القدرة على التعلم الذاتي من المواقف التي تمرًّ بها، فتتصرف بأستقلالية وفقًا للظروف والمواقف المحيطة بها، كالطأئرات المسيَّرة ذاتيًا والسيارت ذاتية القيادة والروبوتات وغيرها، وعلى الرغم من الفوائد التي لاتُعّد ولا تُحصى للذكاء الإصطناعي وتطبيقاته في المجالات الطبية والعسكرية والتعليمة وغيرها، إلا أن لهذه التطبيقات أثر سلبي على الإنسان فقد نتج عن استخدامها المساس بالمصالح المحمية قانونًا، لذا يؤدي ظهورها ، التفكير بشكل جديَّ حول التأثيرات المستجدة التي ستُحدثها هذه التقنية الثورية بما تملكه من إمكانيات متطورة ومقدرة على التصرف بشكل ذاتي ودون الحاجة لأي تدخل بشري ، لذا تحتم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮع إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻜﯿﯿﻒ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪه اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ذات اﻟﻤﺪﻟﻮل اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﻲ واﻟﻤﺎدي من أجل التعامل ﻣﻊ واﻗﻊ إﻓﺘﺮاﺿﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﻤﻮس ﻓﻲ حالات متعددة تحديدًا ﻣﻊ مرحلة إﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﺬﻛﺎء الإﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ الإطار اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮي ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻤﻮس واﻟﺨﺎص، إﻟﻰ الإطار اﻟﻤﺎدي اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮس واﻟﻌﺎم، وﻣﻦ إطﺎر اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت سهلة التحكم إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت اﻟﺬﻛﯿﺔ، ﺳﻮاء تعلق هذا الأمر بتطور قدرات البشر أو تطوير تطبيقات الذكاء الإصطناعي من الناحية الفيزيائية أو المادية بصورة تحاكي البشر في تصرفاتهم وأفعالهم لذا الحاجة تستدعي التأطير القانوني للقواعد التي تحكم هذا الذكاء وتحديد المسؤولية المدنية والجنائية بصورتي العمد والخطأ الناجمة عن كل أخلال يصيب المصالح المحمية. Abstract The digital revolution that emerged in the twentieth century had a radical impact on various aspects of life, especially in the economic industry, which included three forms (Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things, and Big Data. With regard to artificial intelligence, it was discovered in the mid-fifties of the last century, and its real birth was at the conference organized in the United States of America by the scientists John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky. Over the years, artificial intelligence techniques have developed rapidly until some applications have reached the ability to self-learn from the situations that they encounter and act independently according to the circumstances and situations surrounding it, such as drones, driverless cars, robots, etc., and despite the countless benefits of artificial intelligence and its applications in the medical, military, educational, and other fields, these applications have a negative impact on humans, which may result in using it to harm legally protected interests. Therefore, the emergence of artificial intelligence applications leads to serious thinking about the new effects that this revolutionary technology will have with its advanced capabilities and the ability to act independently and without the need for any intervention .Therefore, it is necessary for the legislator to readapt its legal rules with a realistic and material meaning in order to deal with a hypothetical, intangible occurrence occurs in several cases, specifically with the transition of the idea of artificial intelligence from the established framework from the intangible and private intention, to the concrete, tangible and public framework, and from the easy-to-control software framework to the intelligent software system, whether this matter relates to the development of human capabilities or the development of artificial intelligence applications from a physical or physical perspective in a way that mimics humans in their behavior and actions. Therefore, the need demands for legal framing of the rules that govern this intelligence and determining civil and criminal liability weather it is intentionality and unintentionally that resulting from every breach of the protected interest
The aim of this study is to highlight the relationship between competitive intelligence and Entrepreneurial Performance by centralizing the strategic vigilance of a sample of civil faculties in Baghdad. The sample of the study was targeted at 10 Iraqi civil colleges, which consisted of (133) members of the faculty council of the faculties, the search data was collected using the questionnaire form as the main research tool. The results showed that the correlation and influence of competitive intelligence and strategic vigilance in the Entrepreneurial Performance, as well as the role of strategic vigilance as an intermediate variable between competitive intelligence and Entrepreneurial Performance.
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Abstract
This study aims to identify the level of emotional intelligence among principals of basic education schools in Al-Dakhiliya Governorate. The descriptive approach was used. A questionnaire of two parts was utilized; its second part included (27) items divided into five dimensions related to emotional intelligence. The study sample consisted of (337) teachers representing 52% of the study sample were randomly selected. The study result showed that level of the emotional intelligence is high and the motivation dimension is the highest. There were no statistical differences at the level (α≤ 0.05) due to the impact of (the social type, the educational qualification, and the years of experience) in all the
... Show MoreThe liability limit liability limit and reinsurance re factors insurance are important in influencing the achievement of company's competitive goals and achieve success and excellence in the market and because the limit of liability and reinsurance aimed to increase output with the stability of inputs leading to increased insurance business and increase profits. The study was based on two variables presidents interact with each other to form the intellectual and philosophical framework has two ( the limit of liability and reinsurance ) . The study was launched from a problem expressed by a number of targeted questions answered from the elucidation of theoretical philosophy and intellectual goals of these variables and highlight the impor
... Show MoreThis research has come out with that, function-based responsibility accounting system has harmful side – effects preventing it of achieving its controlling objective, that is, goal congruence, which are due to its un integrated measures, its focus on measuring measurable behaviors while neglecting behaviors that are hardly measured, and its dependence on standard operating procedures.
In addition, the system hypotheses and measures are designed to fit previous business environment, not the current environment.
The research has also concluded that the suggestive model, that is, activity-based responsibility accounting is designed to get ride of harmful side – effects of functi
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The research deal with three variables of exceptional importance to organization business firms. These variables are emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and organizational performance. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership on organizational performance at the banking sector, which is represented by Al-Rafidain Bank. The problem of the research is expressed by many questions related with the nature of the interrelationships and effects among research’s variables. The researcher has depended upon the descriptions - analytical approach. on a random sample of (80 ) managers
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the emotional intelligence and the leadership personality of the managers . the research was tested at the college of administration and economics – university of Baghdad through applying it on a sample of (67) members and units of the college. a questionnaire was used as a major tool for collecting data and information . for the purpose of researching to conclusion, the research aimed to test two main hypotheses related to the correlation coefficient and the effect correlation between the two main variable of the research, some statistical techniques such as (the mean, student deviation, percentages, correlation coefficient spearman, simple regression) were us
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The topic of strategic intelligence is considered as important topics that acquires the attention of organizations, Because of its role in supplying the decision-making centers by strategic ideas according to the opportunities and threats facing the organization, in an effort to improve the performance of their organizations to reach the high performance organization.
A lot of organizations lack to strategy guides the strategic intelligence towards achieving high performance organization.
This research aims to determine the level of strategic intelligence that characterized the leaders of diseases and kidney transplant center in Medicine city. What is the application level of the
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خلاصة تحاول هدة الدراسة التعرف على أسباب عزوف المرأة عن المشاركة بالعمل السياسى وقد تم اختيار عينة عشوايية من التدريسيات في جامعة بغداد والمستنصرية ودلك للوقوف على هدة الأسباب وبعد تحليل البيانات أشارت نتائح الدراسة الى ان أسباب العزوف عن المشاركة فى العمل السياسى هى أسباب سياسية بالدرجة الأولى تليها الأسباب النفسية والاجتماعية وقد اوصت الدراسة ببعض الم
... Show MoreIn The Name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful
Cheating is one of the forbidden actions and reprehensible morals that are forbidden by Islamic law, because it involves an assault on rights, whether they are the rights of God Almighty or the rights of God.
people, or self-rights, and because it involves harming others.
Since the Sunnah of the Prophet is the second source of Islamic law, many of the noble hadiths of the Prophet forbid and prohibit cheating.
This study sheds light on it.
The Psychologists have noticed, not long ago, that the man’s success and happiness in life do not only depend on his degree and education, which express on his mental intelligence but also they need another kind of intelligence called emotional intelligence. The research aims at identifying the emotional intelligence level of the top and administrative leaderships in the Federal Board of Supreme Audit by evaluating their emotional intelligence when the administrative and audit leaderships face emotional interactions by dealing with administrative and audit stuffs in the Board. The research problem is focused on the following question “Is the emotional intelligence of the top and administrative leaderships in the Fede
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