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Challenges and Issues in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Development in Iraq
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This paper addresses the nature of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), considered as one of the most important concepts to ensure effective functioning in a modern society. It comprises a set of continually developing methods and procedures providing the geospatial base supporting a country’s governmental, environmental, economic, and social activities. In general, the SDI framework consists of the integration of various elements including standards, policies, networks, data, and end users and application areas. The transformation of previously paper-based map data into a digital format, the emergence of GIS, and the Internet and a host of online applications (e.g., environmental impact analysis, navigation, applications of VGI data, governmental efficiency drives) have led to huge leaps forward in SDI development. However, SDI progress can be held back by numerous challenges, both technical and non-technical. The paper outlines these challenges from the perspective of the country of Iraq, where there is an absence of a clear direction towards efficient SDI operation and a lack of knowledge for establishing and managing effective SDI. These challenges could be met by considering and resolving generic issues, identified by the experiences of other nations, by researchers, and by organisations. These issues are investigated and assessed by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews, directed towards important participants in the field of SDI development in the country. The results present the SDI issues in order of relevance to assist developers and users in solving potential SDI and data integration problems within Iraq.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 03 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Boundary between Advertisement and Mass Media Overlapping Levels in the Press (The Case of Iraq)
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The advertisement is important in maximizing the resources of journalistic institutions. It helps them to perform their duties and also establishes their independence. However, this type of communication has often overlapped with other types of communication, including media and publicity.

Those in charge of the press bear responsibility in this regard, as some of them harness the advertisement for personal purposes; or detrimental to media content. Many communication authorities have drawn attention to the danger of confusing the concepts and levels of the three activities and have moved towards establishing rules to reduce overlap between them.

The aim of this research is to try to disengage the concept of advertising,

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Internal Debt Options during the Two Double Shocks and Its Impact on Foreign Reserve in Iraq
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The research aims at a statement Internal Debt options during shocks and the impact of this borrowing in the volume of the foreign reserve, using induction and deduction with available data analysis. During the period (2004-2013) did not require the use of borrowing across (financial institutions, discounted transfers, bonds); it was only sufficient by transfer with commercial banks that can finance of temporary budget deficits: rose and decline of volume of foreign reserve according to the changes of oil prices and the volume of purchases and sales of the Central Bank of Iraq. Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) has significantly contributed to Internal Debt through bond and discounted transfers in the secondary market; thus, funding the

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 20 2022
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF AN EXOTIC PLANT JATROPHA INTEGERRIMA JACQ. 1763 (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN IRAQ
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Jatropha L. is an exotic genus to Iraq and it has been cultivated in gardens for ornamental purposes because of the shiny red color of the flowers. The plant adapted to environmental conditions and succeeded in growing and blooming, which is why the species was interested to study. The species Jatropha integerrima Jacq. was examined and diagnosed for the first time in Iraq. Morphological and anatomical characteristics for leaves (considering that the variations are the most reliable and taxonomically important) were provided. The Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins and saponins. The qualitative analysis by TLC indicated the presence of alkaloids and flavonoid that was detected by specia

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Erythrocyte Magnesium Levels in type I and type II Iraq diabetic patients effect of antidiabetic treatment
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Background: Direct measurement of intracellular magnesium using erythrocytes has been suggested as a sensitive indicator for the estimation of body magnesium store. Marked depletion in plasma and erythrocyte magnesium levels was particularly evident in diabetic patients with advanced retinopathy and poor diabetic control. While insulin has been shown to stimulate erythrocyte magnesium uptake, hyperglycemia per se suppressed intracellular magnesium in normal human red cells.
Aim of the study: To investigate the erythrocyte magnesium level in Iraqi type I and II diabetic patients, with specific emphasis on the effect of both, metabolic control and the type of antidiabetic treatments.
Methods: Sixty two diabetic patients (7 with type

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Real Private Industrial Sector and Role in Comprehension the Labor Force of Iraq to (1990-2009)
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At different stages of the evolution of the modern Iraqi state ears last century did not receive the industrial sectors importance in  great domestic production (GDP) and  that the limited  resources available in the initial stage and the dominance of public sector industry in the late stage , so the continued decline in the contribution  of the private industrial sector in  GDP , and this is why imbalance in the labor market and reduced  demand for manpower in this sector despite the high rates of labor supply and the various skills and levels of investments, their human  and the different geographical distribution , and direction of labor to other economic sectors most  requested of the l

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Tigris And Euphrates Rivers: Their Environment From Headwaters To Mouth
Macroplastic and Microplastic in the Freshwater Environment of Southern Iraq: Evidences Obtained from Freshwater Fish Species
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 27 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical Sciences
A COMPARISON OF TOPOLOGICAL KRIGING AND AREA TO POINT KRIGING FOR IRREGULAR DISTRICT AREA IN IRAQ
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Open Engineering
Optimizing and coordinating the location of raw material suitable for cement manufacturing in Wasit Governorate, Iraq
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Abstract<p>The cement industry is considered one of the strategic industries, because it is directly related to construction work and cement is used as a hydraulic binder. However, it is a simple industry compared to major industries and depends on the availability of the necessary raw materials. This study focuses on optimizing and coordinating the location of raw materials needed for the cement manufacturing in Wasit Governorate in Iraq. Field works include detailed reconnaissance, topographic work, and description and sampling of 24 lithological sections that represent the carbonate deposits, which crop out in the area. The investigated area has the following specifications: The weighted aver</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Accounting disclosure of social responsibility and its impact on achieving sustainable development goals: (Applied research in the State Company for Food Industries- Diwaniyah Dairy Factory)
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The researchers seek to shed light on the importance of accounting disclosure on social responsibility, and the research aims to provide a theoretical approach to social accounting and its disclosure, identify the concept of sustainable development, highlight the theoretical foundations of sustainable development and employ disclosure of social responsibility towards achieving the goals of sustainable development, and identify the impact of The accounting disclosure on social responsibility in achieving sustainable development goals, and the research problem can be reviewed by asking the following question (Does the accounting disclosure of the social responsibility of economic units contribute to achieving sustainable developmen

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Public Health Research &amp; Development
The Effect of Special Exercises for those with (Cognitive Concentration) in the Development of Motor Satisfaction and Learning Some Types of Scoring Basketball for Students
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The importance of the research in the preparation of special exercises to develop some types of basketball scoring as a contribution to help the physical education teacher to find successful educational alternatives. The purpose of the study was to prepare special exercises for the cognitive (cognitive) survey in the development of motor satisfaction and learning some types of Scoring for basketball for students. Learn about the effect of cognitive exercises in cognitive development in students. The survey included students from the first stage of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science \ University of Diyala (159) divided into 6 people. The sample was randomized by (b) and (b) D) and after dispersion by the standard method In

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