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Four-year analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Iraq
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Background: This is the first nationwide assessment of WHO-designated bacterial resistance in Iraq. Aim: To analyse antimicrobial resistance patterns over 4 years in Iraq, based on data from the national surveillance system. Methods: Using the WHO Antimicrobial Resistance Network software, we collected and analysed 238 973 antimicrobial resistance data from the 106 antimicrobial resistance surveillance sites across Iraq, for 2020–2023, from the Iraqi national surveillance system. The data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Results: Resistance to carbapenem by Acinetobacter baumannii increased markedly, reaching 80% in 2023. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was notably high among Acinetobacter baumannii (88.5–92%), Escherichia coli (88.0%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (74.0%). Multidrug resistance and extensively drug-resistant profiles for Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae increased, particularly in extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. (66%). Resistance to last-line reserve antibiotics, such as colistin and tigecycline, increased significantly in 2023, suggesting an increasing threat to the efficacy of these critical agents. Conclusion: These findings indicate that several key pathogens in Iraq have surpassed the critical resistance thresholds, thus limiting the effectiveness of commonly used empirical therapies and narrowing treatment options. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship and prescription practices is essential to curb resistance and protect the efficacy of treatment regimens.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2024
Journal Name
Frontiers In Health Informatics
The Implementation Of Artificial Intelligence In Education: Systematic Analysis
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Background: The rapid evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced Education, demonstrating substantial potential to transform traditional teaching and learning methods. AI reshapes teacher-student interactions and the relationship with knowledge. Objective: To analyze the potential benefits, ethical challenges, and limitations of AI in Education based on recent scientific literature, emphasizing the balance between technology and human interaction. Methods: A documentary research approach with a descriptive focus was employed, following the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews. The search strategy involved analyzing evidence from 18 scientific articles published within the last six years. Results:AI o

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study of the Anticancer and Antimicrobial Biological Activity of a New Series of Thiohydantoin Derivatives
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        Recently, some prostate cancer patients have acquired resistance to the second -generation drugs (anzalutamide and apalutamide) prescribed for the treatment of this disease due to the emergence of the F876L mutation, which represents a challenge to modern medicine. In this study, a new series of 2-thiohydantoin derivatives were prepared through the reaction of different derivatives of maleimide (1c-4c) with isothiocyanate derivatives. The prepared compounds were diagnosed using FT-IR,1H-NMR ,13C-NMR, Mass spectra. The prepared series compounds has been studied against prostate cancer cells. The MTT assay was used to determine the activity of the prepared compounds against prostate cancer cells. The da

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 25 1993
Journal Name
كلية العلوم. / جامعة بغداد
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTREMELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA FROM SADDAM RIVER REGIONS AND THE RULE OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS IN THE RESISTANCE TO HIGH SALINITY
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This study included isolation and characterization of extremely halophilic bacteria from Al-Massab Al-Aam region in South of Iraq Fifty isolates were identified by using numerical taxonomy 40 strains belonged to the genus Halobacterium which inclucted Hb. halobium Hb. cutirubrum Hb. salinarium Hb. saccharovorum Hb. valismortis and Hb. volcanii. Ten strains belonged to the genus Halococcus which included Hc. morrhuae Hc. saccharolyticus. Growth curves were sensitive mutants determined for wild type and salt Generation time in logarthmic phase was measured and found to be (10.37 2hr 7 0.59) for Hb. salinarium / 18 (6.490 hr 0.24) for Hb. cutirubrum / 32, (6.700 hr + 0.488) for Hb. valismortis / 20, (11.243 hr + 0.96) for Hb. volcanii / 7. (7

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
5th International Conference On Biomedical And Health Sciences
Exploiting Vpusm 8 Lytic Phage for The Bio- Control of V. Cholerae: A Novel Approach Against Cholera in The Era of Antibiotic Resistance
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Vibriophage Universiti Sains Malaysia 8 (VPUSM 8), a bacteriophage that destroys bacteria, in managing the proliferation of Vibrio cholerae, specifically the El Tor serotype, as an alternate therapeutic strategy. Methods: The study entailed subjecting water samples from Kelantan, Malaysia, to reproduce the natural circumstances that promote the growth of V. cholerae. Subsequently, the samples were contaminated with the V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain and treated using VPUSM 8. The study employed a controlled experimental design, wherein the samples were divided into three groups, each experiencing different treatment methods. Quantifying the number of colony-

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 11 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Inhibition of bacterial growth around gutta percha cones by different antimicrobial solutions using antibiotic sensitivity test (An in vitro study)
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Background: Decontamination of gutta percha cones was important factor for success of root canal treatment. The aim of the present in vitro study was to identify and to compare the antimicrobial effect of following disinfection solutions: 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, Iodine, tetracycline hydrochloride solution, EDTA & formocresol mixed with zinc oxide eugenol, on E faecalis, E coli and Candida albicans using sensitivity test Materials and Methods: Three types of microorganisms were isolated from infected root canals (E faecalis, E coli and Candida albicans) and cultured on Mueller Hinton agar petri-dishes. Disinfection of gutta percha cones done by immersion in six disinfection solutions (six groups), the groups are: distill water (used a

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Analysis the Expected Profit By the Relation Between the Sustainable growth and Actual growth: Apply Study for Iraq Stock Exchange
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The research aims to analysis the future profits of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange through analyzing the relationship between Actual Growth and Sustainable Growth, The study was applied to the sample of companies included in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2010- 2014), The Internal Growth Rate has been used as a measure for the Actual Return Rate but the Sustainable Growth Rate has been measured under the Rose model, The research showed group of conclusions, the most important are:1. From the analysis of sustainable growth for the banks sample and the variables involved in its measure shows that investment in the investors amounts have achieved a significant return, which demonstrates the company's efficiency at gene

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the indicators of the educational process and scientific levelUsing the analysis of variance of ordered data in repeated measurements
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In this research want to make analysis for some indicators and it's classifications that related with the teaching process and the            scientific level for graduate studies in the university by using analysis of variance for ranked data for repeated measurements instead of the ordinary analysis of variance . We reach many conclusions  for the                         

important classifications for each indicator that has affected on   the teaching process.         &nb

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Premolar Teeth with Extensive MOD Cavities Restored with Different Bulk Fill Composite Restorations (An In vitro Study)
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Background: The present in-vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare fracture resistance of weakened endodontically treated premolars with class II MOD cavities restored with different bulk fill composite restorations (EverX posterior, Alert, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, and SDR). The type and mode of fracture were also assessed for all the experimental groups. Materials and Method: Forty-eight human adult maxillary premolar teeth were selected for this study. Standardized extensive class II MOD cavities with endodontic treatment were prepared for all teeth, except those that were saved as intact control. The teeth were divided into six groups of eight teeth each (n=8): (Group 1) intact control group, (Group 2) unrestored teeth with

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 08 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Using Real-Time PCR to Investigate Some of Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from ewe Mastitis cases in Nineveh province
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In this study, from a total of 856 mastitis cases in lactating ewes, only 34 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates showed various types of resistance to three types of antibiotics (Penicillin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline). St. agalactiae isolates were identified according to the standard methods, including a new suggested technique called specific Chromogenic agar. It was found that antibiotic bacterial resistance was clearly identified by using MIC-microplate assay (dilution method). Also, by real-time PCR technique, it was determined that there were three antibiotics genes resistance ( pbp2b, tetO and mefA ). The high percentage of isolate carried of a single gene which was the Tetracycline (20.59%) followed by percentage Penicillin was

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 11 2020
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences
Applied multivariate analysis of variance in experiment of randomized design
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The general aim of an experimental design in this paper was to estimate the different treatments effects on the responses by statistical methods. The estimates must be averting biases and the random errors minimized as much as possible. We used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze design of experiments for several responses. In this paper, we provided three fertilizers (mineral, humic, micro-elements) applied on Yellow Maize experiment. This experiment was conducted by completely randomized design (CRD). We tested four responses (Chlorophyll in paper, total ton / ha, paper area / cm2 and plant height / cm) together to find significant test between them. The partial correlations are between Chlorophyll in paper and total ton

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