Wastewater recycling for non-potable uses has gained significant attention to mitigate the high pressure on freshwater resources. This requires using a sustainable technique to treat natural municipal wastewater as an alternative to conventional methods, especially in arid and semi-arid rural areas. One of the promising techniques applied to satisfy the objective of wastewater reuse is the constructed wetlands (CWs) which have been used extensively in most countries worldwide through the last decades. The present study introduces a significant review of the definition, classification, and components of CWs, identifying the mechanisms controlling the removal process within such units. Vertical, horizontal, and hybrid CWs

Heterocyclic compounds are employed in many applications, and numerous researchers have created liquid crystals by adding heterocyclic to the structures of these molecules. This work includes the synthesis and characterization of new compounds that contain 5H-thiazolo [4,3-b][1,3,4] thiadiazol united in multiple steps, starting with the synthesis of the aldehyde compound [I] by reaction chloro ethyl acetate with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of ethanol and potassium carbonate, followed by reactions with thiosemicarbazide, mercapto acetic acid in sulphuric acid to produce compound [II] then reflux compound [II] with hydrazine hydrate to product compound [III], after that reaction the later compound with nalkoxybenzaldehyde [IV]n and

The refractive indices, nD densities 𝜌, and viscosities  of binary mixtures of sulfolane + n -butanol + sec- butanol + iso- butanol + tert – butanol + n-propanol and iso- propanol were measured at 298.15K. Form experimental data, excess molar volum VE , excess molar refractivity ∆nD, excess molar viscosity  E and excess molar Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow G *E were calculated. From n-propanol – sulfolane and iso- propanol sulfolane mixtures showed negative ∆nD, n-butanol – sulfolane, sec-butanal – sulfolane, iso-butanol – sulfolane and tert- butanol sulfolane , nD was positive over the whole mole fraction rang , while VE ,  E and G *E show a negative deviation. The

The nanocomposite on the base of synthesis Copper iodide
nanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA/CuI) with different
concentration of CuI were obtained using casting technique.
PVA/CuI polymer composite samples have been prepared and
subjected to characterizations using FTIR spectroscopy, The FTIR
spectral analysis shows remarkable variation of the absorption peak
positions with increasing CuI concentration. The obtained results by
X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of cubic CuI particles. The
effects of CuI concentrations on the optical properties of the PVA
films were studied in the region of wavelength, (190-1100) nm.
From the derivation of Tauc's relation it was found that the direct
allowed t

Bulk polycrystalline samples have been prepared by the two-step solid state reaction process. It has been observed that as grown Tl2-xHgxSr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1) corresponds to the 2223 phase. It has been found that Tc varies with Hg content .The optimum Tc is about 120K for the composition Tl1.6Hg0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ.The microstructure for Tl1.6Hg0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ observed to be most dense and this phase exhibits the highest stability.

Oilwell cementing operations are crucial for drilling and completion, preserving the well's productive life. However, weak and permeable formations pose a high risk of cement slurry loss, leading to failure. Lightweight cement, like foamed cement, is used to avoid these difficulties. This study is focused on creating a range of foamed slurry densities and examining the effect of gas concentration on their rheological properties. The foaming agent and foam stabilizer are tested, and the optimal concentration is determined to be 2% and 0.12%, respectively, by the weight of the cement.

Furthermore, the construction of samples of foam cement with different densities (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6) g/cc is performed to f