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Development of two-step noncatalytic esterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel preparation
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An innovative two-step noncatalytic esterifcation technique was proposed to synthesize alkyl esters from free fatty acids simulated in waste cooking oil, as a pretreatment process for biodiesel production, without adding any catalyst under normal conditions of pressure and temperature. The efect of methanol:oil molar ratio, reaction time, mixing rate, and reaction temperature were investigated. The results confrmed that the conversion of the reaction was increased when increasing the methanol molar ratio and decreased in prolonged reaction temperature. High conversion (94.545%) was successfully achieved at optimized conditions of 115:1, 65:1 methanol:oil molar ratio in the frst step and second step, respectively, other conditions in both steps were found to be 9 s reaction time, 450 rpm mixing rate, and 62 °C reaction temperature by response surface methodology central composite design. Noncatalytic esterifcation, which eliminates the complications corresponding with catalyst utilization such as additional cost, time-wasting, and separation requirements, could be considered as a promising pretreatment technique to reduce the high acidity of waste cooking oil to the acceptable limit of 1 mg KOH/g oil or less in two steps, for biodiesel synthesize.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 06 2024
Journal Name
Fullerenes, Nanotubes And Carbon Nanostructures
Preparation and characterization of PVA/MWCNT nanocomposites: a composition dependence study of structural, optical and mechanical properties
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 12 2018
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Extraction of Essential Oil from Iraqi<i>Eucalyptus Camadulensis</i>Leaves by Water Distillation Methods
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The extraction of Eucalyptus oil from Iraqi Eucalyptus Camadulensis leaves was studded using water distillation methods. The amount of Eucalyptus oil has been determined in a variety of extraction temperature and agitation speed. The effect of water to Eucalyptus leaves (solvent to solid) ratio and particle size of Eucalyptus leaves has been studied in order to evaluate the amount of Eucalyptus oil. The optimum experimental condition for the Eucalyptus oil extraction was established as follows: 100˚C extraction temperature, 200 rpm agitation speed; 0.5 cm leave particle size and 6:1 ml: g amount of water to eucalyptus leaves Ratio.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
2D and 3D Modeling of Rock Mechanical Properties of Khasib Formation in East Baghdad Oil Field
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Knowing the distribution of the mechanical rock properties and the far field stresses for the field of interest is an important task for many applications concerning reservoir geomechanics, including wellbore instability analysis, hydraulic fracturing, sand production, reservoir compaction, and subsidence. A major challenge with determining the rock's mechanical properties is that they cannot be directly measured at the borehole. Furthermore, the recovered carbonate core samples for performing measurements are limited and they provide discrete data for specific depths.

   The purpose of this study is to build 2D and 3D geomechanical models of the Khasib reservoir in the East Baghdad oil field/ Central area. TECHLOG.2015.3 softwa

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 26 2019
Journal Name
The Iraqi Geological Journal
A MODIFIED WATER INJECTION TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE OIL RECOVERY: MISHRIF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS IN SOUTHERN IRAQ OIL FIELDS, CASE STUDY
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A modified water injection technique has organized by this study to improve oil recovery of the Mishrif reservoirs using polymerized alkaline surfactant water (PAS-Water) injection. It is planned to modify the existing water injection technology, first to control and balance the hazardous troublemaker reservoir facies of fifty-micron pore sizes with over 500 millidarcies permeability, along with the non-troublemaker types of less than twenty micron pore sizes with 45 to 100 millidarcies permeability. Second to control Mishrif reservoirs rock-wettability. Special core analysis under reservoir conditions of 2250 psi and 90 °C has carried out on tens of standard core plugs with heterogeneous buildup, using the proposed renewal water f

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 12 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
The reality of interior design of Sharjah mosques and the possibility of development - selected models
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Observed mosques with the advent of Islam under the auspices of care being the houses of God Almighty, and I like parts of the ground to him, the center of radiation spiritual, intellectual and ideological in the lives of Muslims, was the most important cultural and architectural evidence built by Muslims voicing their deep faith and serenity Aqidthm.valmsadjad better reflecting the reality of communication between the person and his Lord, because he is the most important building of permanence and survival, making it imperative designed the best visual forms both externally and internally.Mosques have been characterized in the United Arab Emirates distinct characteristics in terms of building elements of construction in general, and the

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 07 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Building a Training Program in the development of the Willpower of the Kindergarten Children
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The research aims to build a training program to develop the willpower in the kindergarten children. In order to achieve the objective of the research, the two researchers have developed a Training Program according to the following steps:

- Determining the general objective of the Training Program.

- Determining the behavioral objectives of the Training Program.

- Determining the content of the Training Program.

- Implementing the content of the Training Program sessions.

- Evaluating the Training Program.

The training program consisted of (15) sessions, each session included a set of parts (title, general objective, methods, time and place to implement the sessions, behavioral goals, tool

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 30 2022
Journal Name
Sport Tk-revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte
Effect of a training program on the development of physical abilities in football goalkeepers
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The primary aim of this study was to find out the effect of a training program on the development of physical abilities in football goalkeepers. The current study was conducted on goalkeepers of the Academy of Espanyol Sports Club in the premises of Haifa Sports Club Stadium. The study was completed by the researchers within the timeline of May 2021 to August 2021. A total of 7 goalkeepers falling within the age group of 15-17 years were recruited as the sample participants for the study. Out of 7 goalkeepers, 5 goalkeepers were included in the primary experiment and 2 of them were excluded. The training program applied had a positive effect on the development of physical abilities in the football goalkeepers of the sa

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Publication Date
Fri May 10 2024
Journal Name
South Asian Research Journal Of Biology And Applied Biosciences
The Effect of Human Leukocyte Antigen in Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Patients
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and a systemic inflammation that can damage a broad spectrum of organs. SLE patients suffer from a wide variety of symptoms, which can affect virtually almost any tissue. As lupus is difficult to diagnose, the worldwide prevalence of SLE can only be roughly estimated to range from 10 and 200 cases per 100,000 individuals with dramatic differences depending on gender, ethnicity, and location. Although the treatment of this disease has been significantly ameliorated by new therapies, improved conventional drug therapy options, and a trained expert eye, the underlying pathogenesis of lupus still

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 09 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Impact Cloud Computing On The Development of Accounting Education: Evidence From Sultanate of Oman
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Cloud computing is the new technological trend for future generations. It represents a new way to use IT resources more efficiently. Cloud computing is one of the most technological models for developing and exploiting infrastructure resources in the world. Under the cloud, the user no longer needs to look for major financing to purchase infrastructure equipment as companies, especially small and medium-sized ones, can get the equipment as a service, rather than buying it as a product. The idea of ​​cloud computing dates back to the sixties of the last century, but this idea did not come into actual application until the beginning of the third millennium, at the hands of technology companies such as Apple, Hp, IBM, which had

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 05 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
EFFECT OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN HLA DRB1 ON DEVELOPMENT OF BAGHDAD SORE IN PATIENTS
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Leishmania tropica is a species of flagellate parasites that infects humans and the cause of the disease cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is one of the major parasites, which have high prevalence than other parasites in Iraq. The aim was to investigate the role of HLA alleles in susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis infection in Baghdad in a sample of Iraqi patients. Cross sectional study (thirty Iraqi Arab Muslims patients with Leishmania tropica infection and thirty Iraqi Arab Muslims healthy persons) were participated in this study. Patients were consulted Department of Dermatology in Medical city Teaching hospital and AL Yarmook Teaching hospital for the period between March 2014 till May 2

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