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Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties resulting from gas nitriding process for different types of steel
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This work investigates the effect of the gas nitriding process on the surface layer microstructure and mechanical properties for steel 37, tool steel X155CrVMo12-1 and stainless steel 316L. Nitriding was conducted at a temperature of 550 °C for 2 hours during the first stage and at 750 °C for 4 hours during the second stage. SEM and X-ray diffraction tests were performed to evaluate the microstructural features and the major phases formed after surface treatment. SEM and X-ray diffraction tests were performed to assess the microstructural features and the primary phases formed after surface treatment. The new secondary precipitates were identified as γ′-Fe4N, ε (Fe2–3N), and α-Fe, exhibiting an uneven chain-like pattern within columnar grains. A significant increase in the nitride layer thickness (34.4 µm) was achieved for X155 compared to AISI 316L and steel 37. Also, Gas nitriding caused a significant increase in hardness at the first stage for X 155 tool steel and AISI316L steel with hardness percentage enhancement of 0.87%(655HV) and 0.28% (219HV) respectively, while for steel37 samples the hardness reached its maximum value of 340HV for the second nitriding stage with hardness percentage enhancement of 0.78%. There was no significant improvement in surface hardness after second nitriding stages for X155 and AISI 316L steels. The effects of time and gas flow rate during the process were particularly evident on hardness values, especially after the first stage.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Mechanical evaluation of nano hydroxyapatite, chitosan and collagen composite coating compared with nano hydroxyapatite coating on commercially pure titanium dental implant
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Background: Dental implants act as infrastructure for fixed restoration to look like as a natural tooth. Osseointegration is a biological events and considered as a base for success of dental implant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bond strength between bone and Ti implant coated with mixture of nano hydroxyapatite-chitosan-collagen compared with Ti implants coated with nano hydroxyapatite implanted in rabbit tibia, after different period of implantation time (two and six weeks) by torque removal test. Material and methods: 36 screws of commercially pure titanium; 8mm in length and 3mm diameter , 18 screws coated with mixture of nano hydroxyapatite-chitosan-collagen and18 screws coated with nano hydroxyapatite by dip coating. St

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Studying the Possibility of using Paint to Reduce the Amount of Radon Gas Emitted from Cement
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In the present work, it had been measured the concentration of radon gas (CRn) for (10) samples of cement used in constructions before and after painting them using enamel paint, purchased from the local markets, to see the extent of its ability to reduce emissions of Rn-222 in the air. These samples were obtained from different sources available in the local markets in Baghdad and other provinces. The measurements were done by the American-made detector (RAD7). The results showed that the highest CRn in the air emitted from cement samples after coating was in the cement sample (Iranian origin) where the concentration was (58.27 Bq/m3) while the lowest CRn was found in building material samples

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Psychology and Personality Types of Infertile and Fertile Women
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Objective(s): To determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of psychology & personality types among
infertile and fertile women attending in Complex Imam Khomeini Hospital.
Methodology: A total of 150 infertile women from Vali-Asr Reproduction Health Research Center and 150 fertile
women from the Gynecology Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran / Iran were chosen by simple
randomization. Data was obtained by using Eysenck personality (EPQ) and structured researcher questionnaires.
Results: showed that based on Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), personality instability was more common
among infertile women than fertile women; this relationship was statistically significant (P<0.001). Housewives

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Effect of Using Different Levels of Spirulina Algae (Spirulina Platensis) in The Diet on Concentration, Types of Fatty Acids, Oxidation Indicators, and Sensory Characteristics of Broiler Carcasses
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Abstract<p>This study was conducted at the Poultry Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department/Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib for the period from 25/2/2019 to 7/4/2019 (42 days) with the aim of using several levels of Spirulina (SP)<italic>Spirulina platensis</italic>in broiler diets. And their effect in the concentration and types of fatty acids, oxidation indices and sensory characteristics of the broiler carcass, 400 birds were used in this experiment One day old broiler birds of the Ross 308 strain are un sexed, with an average starting weight of 40 g/bird, and the birds were randomly distributed into five treatments with four replications per treatment (20 birds/duplicate). Th</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Investment provisions and their types
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The research talks about the concept of investment allocations, showing its linguistic and  idiomatic meaning, as well as the objectives for which the investment allocations are based, as well as the benefits of these allocations since it shows types of investment contracts, including: current and fixed assets and commitment allocations.

 The research has been concluded with several results, including the protection of the banks and the investor. The contracting parties focus on specific dates that both parties are obliged to abide by,  the research also shows the jurisprudence provisions for investment allocations, each ruling according to the specific branch.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Assessment of Air Pollution around Durra Refinery (Baghdad) from Emission NO2 Gas at April Month
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Nitrogen dioxide NO2 is one of the most dangerous contaminant in the air, its toxic gas that cause disturbing respiratory effects, most of it emitted from industrial sources especially from the stack of power plants and oil refineries. In this study Gaussian equations modelled by Matlab program to state the effect of pollutant NO2 gas on area around Durra refinery, this program also evaluate some elements such as wind and stability and its effect on stacks height. Data used in this study is the amount of fuel oil and fuel gas burn inside refinery at a year 2017. Hourly April month data chosen as a case study because it’s unsteady month. After evaluate emission rate of the all fuel and calculate exit velocity from

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Petrophysical Analysis of an Iraqi Gas Field (Mansuriya Gas Field)
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Mansuriya Gas field is an elongated anticlinal structure aligned from NW to SE, about 25 km long and 5-6 km wide. Jeribe formation is considered the main reservoir where it contains condensate fluid and has a uniform thickness of about 60 m. The reservoir is significantly over-pressured, (TPOC, 2014).

This research is about well logs analysis, which involves the determination of Archie petrophysical parameters, water saturation, porosity, permeability and lithology. The interpretations and cross plots are done using Interactive Petrophysics (IP) V3.5 software.

The rock parameters (a, m and n) values are important in determining the water saturation where (m) can be calcul

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Variant Domination Types for a Complete h-ary Tree
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Graph  is a tool that can be used to simplify and solve network problems. Domination is a typical network problem that graph theory is well suited for. A subset of nodes in any network is called dominating if every node is contained in this subset, or is connected to a node in it via an edge. Because of the importance of domination in different areas, variant types of domination have been introduced according to the purpose they are used for. In this paper, two domination parameters the first is the restrained and the second is secure domination have been chosn. The secure domination, and some types of restrained domination in one type of trees is called complete ary tree  are determined.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation for the Effect of Heat Stable Enterotoxin (a) Produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on Different Cancer Cells In Vitro
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This study was conducted for evaluating the cytotoxic effect of heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on the proliferation of primary cancer cell cultures, obtained from tumor samples that were collected from (13) cancer patients and as follows: (five colon cancer patients, two bladder cancer patients, two breast cancer patients, two stomach cancer patients and two lung cancer patients), and on normal cell line (rat embryonic fibroblast / REF) (in vitro) with the use of different concentrations starting from (1) mg/ml and ending with (0.0002) mg/ml by making two fold serial dilutions by using the 96- well microtiter plate, and in comparison with negative (PBS) and positive (MMC, at concentration

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Publication Date
Thu May 01 1997
Journal Name
Polymer-plastics Technology And Engineering
An Efficient Method for Real Gas Pseudopressure Calculation
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