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EFFECT OF SOCIAL ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE ON TUBERCULOSIS CASES IN FOUR IRAQI GOVERNORATES
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Social isolation and quarantine have been implemented globally during outbreaks of a highly transmissible microbe. For instance, they were employed during the plague outbreak in 1894 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. While these methods have proven effective against highly transmissible infections, they have also had significant negative consequences. In specific regions like Anbar, Diyala, Salahaddin, and Kirkuk, social isolation occurred during the period of ISIS occupation. After their liberation, these regions experienced a COVID-19 outbreak, and quarantine measures were put in place. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social isolation and quarantine on tuberculosis. Patients from Anbar, Diyala, Salahaddin, and Kirkuk districts were diagnosed with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, using methods like chest X-rays, acid-fast positive sputum slide method, culture, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene pert testing. All cases were documented at the Iraqi Ministry of Health. All four districts had the same population, socioeconomic status, and medical guidelines. Anbar showed a significant difference compared to the other districts, while the remaining three districts had no significant differences among themselves. The percentage of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was higher than the global average, indicating misdiagnosis. The age group of less than four years old had the lowest percentage of cases compared to other age groups, indicating the effective management of the BCG program. It can be concluded that social isolation and quarantine implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic might have led to an increase in cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the studied regions. © 2023, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod. All rights reserved

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers - Structures And Buildings
Effect of soil saturation on load transfer in a pile excited by pure vertical vibration
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A comparison between the resistance capacity of a single pile excited by two opposite rotary machines embedded in dry and saturated sandy soil was considered experimentally. A small-scale physical model was manufactured to accomplish the experimental work in the laboratory. The physical model consists of: two small motors supplied with eccentric mass 0·012 kg and eccentric distance 20 mm representing the two opposite rotary machines, an aluminum shaft with 20 mm in diameter as the pile, and a steel plate with dimensions of (160 × 160 × 20 mm) as a pile cap. The experimental work was achieved taking the following parameters into consideration, pile embedment depth ratio (L/d; length to diameter) and operating freq

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation Variables Effect on Gelation Temperature of Nefopam Hydrochloride intranasal in Situ Gel (Conference Paper) #
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Nefopam (N.F.) HCl is a non-narcotic centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine analgesic to relieve acute and chronic pain. It exhibits low bioavailability (about 36%) due to its first-pass degradation in the liver.

Intranasal administration has been used as a new route for targeting active brain sites and enhancing the bioavailability of N.F. HCl bypassing hepatic metabolism.

In situ gel of N.F. HCl was prepared by the cold method using different concentrations of Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, HPMC K4M, Carbapol 934, and Hyaluronic acid polymers.

The results show that identification tests are superimposed with references, solubility study shows that N.F. HCl is suitable to be administered intranasally; Compatibi

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 16 2025
Journal Name
Sciences Journal Of Physical Education
Using two types of electronic questions by applying the Quiz Creator program in the method of guided discovery and its effect on learning and maintaining a motor chain on the throat
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of site of origin on fatty acid percent in sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus L)
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A Laboratory study was conducted in quality control department ,state company for food stuff trading ministry of trade (2005-2006) on sunflower oil imported to Iraq from different origins included 12 trade marks, Complete random design was used with four replication .The purpose of the study is to know the origins effect on fatty acid percent and study the simple correlation between them, the result showed Turkish origin for trademark (Narin) was superior in Palmitic and Stearic fatty acid (10.41,3.29%).While Omanian origin for trademark Alsafwa was superior in Oleic(35.09%) and Syrian origin for trade mark Alnahraen was superior in Linoleic fatty acid percent 66.53% whereas Egyptian origin for trademark Alasel was superior in the percent

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 02 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Effect of electrode separation in magnetron DC plasma sputtering on grain size of gold coated samples
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In this work, an experimental research on a low voltage DC magnetron plasma sputtering (0-650) volt is used for coating gold on a glass substrate at a constant pressure of argon gas 0.2 mbar and deposition time of 30 seconds. We focused on the effects of operating conditions for the system such as, electrode separation and sputtering current on coated samples under the influence of magnetic flux. Electron temperature and electrons and ions densities are determined by a cylindrical single Langmuir probe. The results show the sensitivity of electrode separation lead to change the plasma parameters. Furthermore, the surface morphology of gold coated samples at different electrode separation and sputtering current were studied by atomic forc

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of Constructive Conflict on the Organizational Identification Applied Research in the Ministry of Planning
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This research deals with the effect of constructive conflict of the organizational identification .These relatively recent subjects have relative importance in the field of administration and they have strong effect in the success of organizations .The objective of this research is to detect the level of the constructive conflict and the organizational identification in the center of The Ministry of Planning. So, two major hypotheses were formulated The first are searched the correlation between the constructive conflict and the organizational identification and it emerged with four sub-hypotheses searched the correlation among every dimension of the constructive conflict with the organizational identification .The second major h

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of credit risk indicators on the profitability of banks in the Arab gulf countries
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk indicators on the Arab Gulf countries' banks Profitability over the period of 2015 to 2017.  The banking credit risk was calculated using non-performing loans ratio affecting banks profitability indicators like net income and by using fixed effect and random effect model analyses, the study found that increasing in non-performing loans ratio will decrease the net income in gulf banks, the study also found that personal loans represent the largest share of loans granted in gulf banks. Also, the study recommends the importance of developing the capabilities of credit departments in commercial banks in dealing with bad loans, and studying the financial statem

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Fig (Ficus carica) Fruit on Some Hematological Parameters in Female Rabbits
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The effect of the aqueous extract of fig (Ficus carica) fruit was studied by using different concentrations of this fruit (15, 20 and 25 mg/kg of body weight) on some hematological parameters (hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, white blood cell count and platelets count) in female rabbits. Twenty female rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (five animals in each group). Three groups were dosed with the concentrations mentioned above, while the last was administered with distilled water and considered as control group. These animals were orally dosed by aqueous extract using a micropipette. The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume means for all

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Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Effect of adding different levels from bee pollen in diet on productive performance of broiler chickens
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This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Baghdad (Abu Ghraib) for the period from 28/9/2017 to 9/11/2017 for a period of six weeks (42 days), was used in the experiment 300 chick of broiler (Ross 308) one day old. The aim of this study was to effect of adding supplementing different levels of bee pollen (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000) gm/100kg on Productive Performance. The chicks were randomly distributed in to five treatments, T1 control (without any addition), (T2, T3, T4 and T5) adding bee pollen in the diet 250, 500, 750 and 1000 gm/100kg respectively. The results showed that bee pollen in the diet level 1000 gm/100 kg led to significant increase in the we

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Scopus (6)
Scopus
Publication Date
Fri Aug 20 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Effect of Low Energy Laser on the Healing of Tooth Extraction Wound: (Histological Study in Rat)
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Aims: This study was done to investigate the effect of low energy laser therapy on bone healing at the extraction site. Materials and methods:(24) male albino rats were exposed to the extraction procedure of the maxillary first molar on the first day of a seven day experiment and these animals were divided into two main groups; the control group and the laser group. The laser experiment involved using (Ga-As infrared diode laser) from optodent by directing the probe over the extraction site. The control group consisted of 4 rats, and the laser group was subdivided into 5 subgroups of 4 rats each. The laser dose was as follows: B1: a single dose of 5 minutes immediately after extraction.,

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