Urban land uses of all kinds are the constituent elements of the urban spatial structure. Because of the influence of economic and social factors, cities in general are characterized by the dynamic state of their elements over time. Urban functions occur in a certain way with different spatial patterns. Hence, urban planners and the relevant urban management teams should understand the future spatial pattern of these changes by resorting to quantitative models in spatial planning. This is to ensure that future predictions are made with a high level of accuracy so that appropriate strategies can be used to address the problems arising from such changes. The Markov chain method is one of the quantitative models used in spatial planning to analyze time series based on current values to predict the series values in the future without relying on the past or historical values of the studied series. The research questions in this study are formulated thus: What are the trends in the patterns of urban land use functions in Al-Najaf, Iraq, between 2005 to 2015? How can the values of the changes be predicted for the year 2025? The hypothesis is based on the increasing spatial functional change of land use patterns in the city during the study period due to various economic and social factors. Making accurate predictions of the size of spatial changes motivates this study as a guide to urban management towards developing possible solutions to address the effects of this change, as well as the need to understand its causes and future upward trends. The contribution of this article is the presented outlook for spatial functions for the next 10 years. The computations using the Markov chain model will enable management to understand future relations and develop appropriate policies to reduce the hazards of unplanned changes in the city. Results show that residential posts, slums, and commercial activities are getting worse, while change values for industrial functions and other things are going down.
In this paper, a subspace identification method for bilinear systems is used . Wherein a " three-block " and " four-block " subspace algorithms are used. In this algorithms the input signal to the system does not have to be white . Simulation of these algorithms shows that the " four-block " gives fast convergence and the dimensions of the matrices involved are significantly smaller so that the computational complexity is lower as a comparison with " three-block " algorithm .
Digital image is widely used in computer applications. This paper introduces a proposed method of image zooming based upon inverse slantlet transform and image scaling. Slantlet transform (SLT) is based on the principle of designing different filters for different scales.
First we apply SLT on color image, the idea of transform color image into slant, where large coefficients are mainly the signal and smaller one represent the noise. By suitably modifying these coefficients , using scaling up image by box and Bartlett filters so that the image scales up to 2X2 and then inverse slantlet transform from modifying coefficients using to the reconstructed image .
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... Show MoreThe purpose of this research is to enhance the role of organizational communication in organizations using IT technologies. The results showed that there is a strong relationship with information technology technologies in enhancing the role of organizational communication, which in turn helps to improve the performance of organizations in general
Steganography is the art of secret communication. Its purpose is to hide the presence of information, using, for example, images as covers. The frequency domain is well suited for embedding in image, since hiding in this frequency domain coefficients is robust to many attacks. This paper proposed hiding a secret image of size equal to quarter of the cover one. Set Partitioning in Hierarchal Trees (SPIHT) codec is used to code the secret image to achieve security. The proposed method applies Discrete Multiwavelet Transform (DMWT) for cover image. The coded bit stream of the secret image is embedded in the high frequency subbands of the transformed cover one. A scaling factors ? and ? in frequency domain control the quality of the stego
... Show MoreThe objective of this work is to design and implement a cryptography system that enables the sender to send message through any channel (even if this channel is insecure) and the receiver to decrypt the received message without allowing any intruder to break the system and extracting the secret information. In this work, we implement an interaction between the feedforward neural network and the stream cipher, so the secret message will be encrypted by unsupervised neural network method in addition to the first encryption process which is performed by the stream cipher method. The security of any cipher system depends on the security of the related keys (that are used by the encryption and the decryption processes) and their corresponding le
... Show Morein this paper we adopted ways for detecting edges locally classical prewitt operators and modification it are adopted to perform the edge detection and comparing then with sobel opreators the study shows that using a prewitt opreators
Steganography is a mean of hiding information within a more obvious form of
communication. It exploits the use of host data to hide a piece of information in such a way
that it is imperceptible to human observer. The major goals of effective Steganography are
High Embedding Capacity, Imperceptibility and Robustness. This paper introduces a scheme
for hiding secret images that could be as much as 25% of the host image data. The proposed
algorithm uses orthogonal discrete cosine transform for host image. A scaling factor (a) in
frequency domain controls the quality of the stego images. Experimented results of secret
image recovery after applying JPEG coding to the stego-images are included.
A LiF (TLD-700) PTFED disc has adiameter of (13mm) and thickness of (0.4mm) for study the response and sensetivity of this material for gamma and beta rays by using (TOLEDO) system from pitman company. In order to calibrate the system and studying the calibration factor. Discs were irradiated for Gamma and Beta rays and comparing with the theoretical doses. The exposure range is between 15×10-2 mGy to 1000×10-2 mGy. These doses are within the range of normal radiation field for workers.
This paper introduces a relation between resultant and the Jacobian determinant
by generalizing Sakkalis theorem from two polynomials in two variables to the case of (n) polynomials in (n) variables. This leads us to study the results of the type: , and use this relation to attack the Jacobian problem. The last section shows our contribution to proving the conjecture.