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Prediction of Urban Spatial Changes Pattern Using Markov Chain
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Urban land uses of all kinds are the constituent elements of the urban spatial structure. Because of the influence of economic and social factors, cities in general are characterized by the dynamic state of their elements over time. Urban functions occur in a certain way with different spatial patterns. Hence, urban planners and the relevant urban management teams should understand the future spatial pattern of these changes by resorting to quantitative models in spatial planning. This is to ensure that future predictions are made with a high level of accuracy so that appropriate strategies can be used to address the problems arising from such changes. The Markov chain method is one of the quantitative models used in spatial planning to analyze time series based on current values to predict the series values in the future without relying on the past or historical values of the studied series. The research questions in this study are formulated thus: What are the trends in the patterns of urban land use functions in Al-Najaf, Iraq, between 2005 to 2015? How can the values of the changes be predicted for the year 2025? The hypothesis is based on the increasing spatial functional change of land use patterns in the city during the study period due to various economic and social factors. Making accurate predictions of the size of spatial changes motivates this study as a guide to urban management towards developing possible solutions to address the effects of this change, as well as the need to understand its causes and future upward trends. The contribution of this article is the presented outlook for spatial functions for the next 10 years. The computations using the Markov chain model will enable management to understand future relations and develop appropriate policies to reduce the hazards of unplanned changes in the city. Results show that residential posts, slums, and commercial activities are getting worse, while change values for industrial functions and other things are going down. 

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 23 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of different palatal vault shapes and woven glass fiber reinforcement on dimensional stability of high impact acrylic denture base [part II]
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Background: Change in palatal vault shape and Reinforcement of high impact acrylic denture base resin may in turn affect the dimensional accuracy of acrylic resin and affecting the fitness of the denture. The aim of study is to evaluate the effect of fiber reinforcement for high-impact acrylic resin denture base with different palatal vault shapes on linear dimensional change and effect of palatal vault shapes on linear dimensional changes of non-reinforced and fiber reinforced high impact denture base acrylic resin Material and method: Three different palatal vault shapes were prepared on standard casts using CNC (computer numerical control) machine. 60 samples of heat polymerized high impact acrylic resin maxillary denture base were fabri

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 31 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Impact of a Counseling Program with a Cognitive Reconstruction Method on the Development of the Psychological Hardness among Middle School Students
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The current research aims to determine the impact of the cognitive reconstruction program on the development of psychological hardness among middle school students through the experimental verification of three hypotheses. The research sample consisted of (16) out of (450) students selected from Ibn Rushud preparatory school- Al-Rusafa 2. These participants have been randomly distributed into two equal groups. The researcher has used the method of cognitive reconstruction with the experimental group, whereas with the controlling group, he used nothing. The researcher has further used the scale of psychological hardness of Kobassa with the participants; the scale has been built in a way that suits the sample of the study, which consisted

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 23 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The impact of a training field in Lake Al-Razzaza to develop the strength of the legs and arms for young boxers
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 08 2022
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Effect of Foliar Spray with Yeast Suspension and Foliartal Nutrient Solution on the Mineral Content of Tissue Lime Seedlings Citrus limon L.
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Abstract<p>This study was done in green house of college of Agricultural engineering sciences during the season 2019-2020 to study the effect of the foliar spray with yeast suspension, nutrition solution (Foliartal) and their interaction on some leaf nutrients contents of (<italic>citrus limon</italic> L.) lime seedling was produced from the tissue culture lab. Studied factors were three level (0,7 and 10) g.L<sup>-1</sup> and (0,3 and 5) ml.L<sup>-1</sup> of yeast suspension and foliartal nutrient respectively treatments were distributed in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two replicates the test LSD used in order to compare between means at 0.05% pro</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 20 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of the external audit in improving the performance of the services provided: Applied research in the municipal directorate in ALMuthanna
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The subject of improving the performance of services provided by government institutions of the important topics at the present time because of their direct contact at the service of citizens and the increased importance of these units as a result of the diversity of activities performed by the so governments of the countries and their people made sure to pay attention to the good use of those allocated to those sectors of resources and spending in the service prescribed and manage the highest level of efficiency and effectiveness and monitor the proper management of the money used in those sectors and evaluate their performance through the Supreme Audit Institutions so that they can play their role oversight and contribute to th

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Power dissipation and time of breakdown in AC discharge of argon at a low pressure in the frequency range 5-10 kHz
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The influence of 5-10 kHz audio frequency on the power dissipation in ac discharge of argon gas was studied experimentally, at pressures 50-80 mTorr and electrodes separation 10 cm (pd range 0.5-0.8 Torr.
cm). The measurements have shown that the discharge behavior in the ac circuit is equivalent to a series RC circuit. It is observed that the variation curve of discharge power P with the frequency f is approximately has a Gaussian shape. It is also observed that the curve of Pm- pd is the inverse of Paschen curve, where Pm is the maximum power in the frequency range. The time of breakdown is estimated from the curve of P- f.

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Geomechanics And Geoengineering
Effect of Deep Remediation and Improvement on Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Piled Raft Foundation Subjected to Static and Cyclic Vertical Loading
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Research Title: The Relationship Between Strategic Orientation and Organizational Performance (Applied research in the Ministry of Defense / Office of the Inspector-General)
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Abstract
The aim of the study is to study the relationship between strategic orientation and organizational performance. The strategic direction is the main purpose for which the organization is found. Therefore, it is the main engine for all the activities and tasks that the institution can carry out to achieve its objectives within the environment in which it operates. ,. The research problem was formed by several questions to determine the level of the strategic direction and the nature of its relationship with organizational performance in the Iraqi Ministry of Defense / Inspector General's Office as the field of application to answer. The sample was selected by a sample of 60 individuals, department managers, And the que

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the requirements of Total Quality Environmental Management in promoting environmental sustainability-An Empirical Study in the Iraqi Drilling Company
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Abstract

quality issue is the only issue the interesting in recent years of the last century, but also came out of sync with the other issue is the issue of environment, Where they have become represent two sides of one currency, challenges faced by the world and raised by the environmental problems have made industrial organizations pay great attention to the environment by improving their environmental performance, and that's where the oil industry is one of the most dangerous industries, influential and damaging to the environment due to the organizations move away from oil for adoption The application of EMS then a tool to improve environmental performance has been chosen sam

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the Inhibitory effect of Rose and blossom bitter orange flowers extracts against different types of bacteria isolated from the oral cavity
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The study in duded isolation and identification of microbial isolates from oral cavity to 10 volunteers, diagnosed within the three groups: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp. and Candida albicans . The sensitivity test of all isolates bacteria Streptococcus spp. , S. aureus and S. epidermidis showed high resistance to Ampicillin(100)%,followed Methicillin (88.88)% and Amoxicillin / clavulanic acid(77.77)%, while the resistance for each of Vancomycin and Amoxicillin were (66.66)%, and the resistance to Erythromycin and Pencillin (55.55)% to each of them. The results showed less resistance to Trimethoprim (22.22)% and Cefalotine (11.11)% of all bacteria isolate. Investigation of the pre

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