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INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GRADES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF PH‑SENSITIVE POLYMER ON PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS IN SITU GEL BUCCAL SPRAY
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Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a pH-triggered in situ gel for local release of lidocaine hydrochloride (lidocaine HCL) in the buccal cavity to improve the anesthetic effect of this amino amide drug which has very high water solubility. The formulations were introduced to the oral cavity as a spray to improve compliance and for easier administration.Methods: In this work, two grades of carbopol (934 and 940)-based in situ gel spray were designed. The formulations containing lidocaine HCl 5% were prepared by mixing different concentrations of carbopol with xanthan gum. Eight formulations were investigated and evaluated for gelation capacity, spray angle, volume of solution delivered per each actuation, rheological properties, and release kinetic model. Similarity factor (f2) was used for the comparison of dissolution profiles.Results: The prepared formulations undergo gelation after it had been actuated to the buccal cavity as a spray solution. The results showed that, as the concentration of polymer was increased, the release of drug decreased and the viscosity increased for both grades. The spray angle and volume of solution delivered per each actuation varied according to the composition of each formulation. The in situ gel containing 0.3% carbopol 934 and 0.2% xanthan gum regarded as a better candidate which had a good gelation and release property compared to other formulations. Drug release from optimized in situ gel spray followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model and was mediated by Fickian diffusion mechanism.Conclusion: Lidocaine HCl-loaded pH-sensitive in situ gel was successfully developed using carbopol 934 as polymer to be applied to the buccal cavity as spray solution for more effective anesthetic effect and painless treatment.

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Publication Date
Sun May 12 2024
Journal Name
المؤتمر العلمي الدولي الثالث للعلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانية بعنوان (دور الجامعات في تطوير النظام التعليمي وفق متطلبات التنمية المستدامة
The Strategies of Individuality to Resist Authority: Foucauldian Study of Orwell’s 1984 and Antoon’s I’jaam
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To approach the problem of individual oppression with an international perspective drawing on Foucauldian concepts, this paper compares George Orwell’s 1984 (1949) and the Iraqi Sinan Antoon’s I’jaam (2004), which was translated into English in 2007. Even though Orwell and Antoon come from dissimilar cultural backgrounds, religions and epochs, they have tackled the issue of individuals’ oppression through their oppressed characters in a strikingly similar way. Hence, by applying the theories of both the American School of Comparative Literature and Foucauldian concepts, the current study attempts to establish a relationship between the Western and Eastern ways of dealing with the issue of oppression as an international problem in au

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Technologies And Materials For Renewable Energy, Environment And Sustainability: Tmrees19gr
Calculation and study of internal radiation doses resulting from the ingestion of some radioactive sources
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 05 2021
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Proceeding Of The 1st Conference On Dust Storms And Their Environmental Effects
Deposition of Major and Trace Elements From Atmosphere Over Baghdad During the Year of 2010.
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 03 2015
Journal Name
Al-ustath
Witchcraft and Women’s Spaces; A cultural Materialism Study of John Updike’s The Witches of Eastwick
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Witch stories are part of American popular culture, and this culture is extremely influenced by a continuing reliance on its past. The modern obsession of Americans with witches, whether real or metaphorical, is related to politics especially when it came to issues of gender politics. This article exposes a modern image of the female character seen from a male author point of view. John Updike, influenced by the changes that happened to women within second wave of feminism, attempted to write The Witches of Eastwick (1984). Actually, he presented women who did have a sort of careers. His witches are professional active and dynamic. What do witches stand for in American Culture? Why did Updike choose to write

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Revista Iberoamericana De Psicología Del Ejercicio Y El Deporte
CIVILIZED CLEVERNESS AMONG STUDENTS OF THE FACULTIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION SPORTS SCIENCES AND FINE ARTS
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 12 2023
Journal Name
Mathematics
Dynamical Behavior of a Cancer Growth Model with Chemotherapy and Boosting of the Immune System
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In this study, we set up and analyze a cancer growth model that integrates a chemotherapy drug with the impact of vitamins in boosting and strengthening the immune system. The aim of this study is to determine the minimal amount of treatment required to eliminate cancer, which will help to reduce harm to patients. It is assumed that vitamins come from organic foods and beverages. The chemotherapy drug is added to delay and eliminate tumor cell growth and division. To that end, we suggest the tumor-immune model, composed of the interaction of tumor and immune cells, which is composed of two ordinary differential equations. The model’s fundamental mathematical properties, such as positivity, boundedness, and equilibrium existence, are exami

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Improvement of the surface hardness and wear resistant of low carbon steel using laser radiation
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 28 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Comparative Study of the Photostabilization of Polyvinyl Chloride with Nano and Micro Nickel Oxide
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NiO nanoparticle synthesis by chemical method and characterized by XRD with crystal size 11.72
nm and grain size 13 nm from FESEM image also NiO micro used ,two NiO as an additive to evaluate the
possibility of producing photodegradable polymers, the practical application of solid-phase photocatalytic
degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC- NiO composite films) was investigated. PVC has a negative impact
on the environment since its polymer degrades slowly, yet it has a wide range of industrial applications and
the amount used shows no evidence of diminishing use. Thus, a synthesis of modified PVC- NiO micro and
nano has been studied with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 (hours) as irradiation time a

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 12 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Split and Merge Regions of Satellite Images using the Non-Hierarchical Algorithm of Cluster Analysis
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يعد التقطيع الصوري من الاهداف الرئيسة والضرورية في المعالجات الصورية للصور الرقمية، فهو يسعى الى تجزئة الصور المدروسة الى مناطق متعددة اكثر نفعاً تلخص فيها المناطق ذات الافادة لصور الاقمار الصناعية، وهي صور متعددة الاطياف ومجهزة من الاقمار الصناعية باستخدام مبدأ الاستشعار عن بعد والذي اصبح من المفاهيم المهمة التي تُعتمد تطبيقاته في اغلب ضروريات الحياة اليومية، وخاصة بعد التطورات المتسارعة التي شهد

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Gross and Histological Structure of the Caudal Fin of Adult Mosquitofish , Gambusia Affinis , (Baird & Girard)
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The  present  study  showed  that  the  caudal  fin  of  adult mosquitofish  (Gambusia  affinis)  is  homocercal  and  rounded . It  consists  of  22-24 fin rays (Lepidotrichia) . Each fin ray  consists  of  many  segments . Some of these rays are short and  unbranched  whereas  others long and branched dichotomously. Pigment cells are shown to be dispersed on the fin and they are condensened at the edges of the fin rays and at the regions of their dichotomy .        Histologically the transverse section of the fin is surrounded by a fin membrane (composed of epidermis and dermis)

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