Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a pH-triggered in situ gel for local release of lidocaine hydrochloride (lidocaine HCL) in the buccal cavity to improve the anesthetic effect of this amino amide drug which has very high water solubility. The formulations were introduced to the oral cavity as a spray to improve compliance and for easier administration.Methods: In this work, two grades of carbopol (934 and 940)-based in situ gel spray were designed. The formulations containing lidocaine HCl 5% were prepared by mixing different concentrations of carbopol with xanthan gum. Eight formulations were investigated and evaluated for gelation capacity, spray angle, volume of solution delivered per each actuation, rheological properties, and release kinetic model. Similarity factor (f2) was used for the comparison of dissolution profiles.Results: The prepared formulations undergo gelation after it had been actuated to the buccal cavity as a spray solution. The results showed that, as the concentration of polymer was increased, the release of drug decreased and the viscosity increased for both grades. The spray angle and volume of solution delivered per each actuation varied according to the composition of each formulation. The in situ gel containing 0.3% carbopol 934 and 0.2% xanthan gum regarded as a better candidate which had a good gelation and release property compared to other formulations. Drug release from optimized in situ gel spray followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model and was mediated by Fickian diffusion mechanism.Conclusion: Lidocaine HCl-loaded pH-sensitive in situ gel was successfully developed using carbopol 934 as polymer to be applied to the buccal cavity as spray solution for more effective anesthetic effect and painless treatment.
The research aims to verify that there is an influence between innovative marketing and the organization's reputation by brand mediation.
The research problem is that the Oil Marketing Company (SOMO) needs innovative, unconventional methods in marketing its products and improving its reputation by adopting a solid brand that adds value to the product.
The importance of the research: The importance of the research is highlighted as it deals with essential variables in business organizations that help increase customer loyalty by adopting a distinctive brand.
The research started from four main hypotheses to explore correlations and influence between researc
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A phytoremediation experiment was carried out with kerosene as a model for total petroleum hydrocarbons. A constructed wetland of barley was exposed to kerosene pollutants at varying concentrations (1, 2, and 3% v/v) in a subsurface flow (SSF) system. After a period of 42 days of exposure, it was found that the average ability to eliminate kerosene ranged from 56.5% to 61.2%, with the highest removal obtained at a kerosene concentration of 1% v/v. The analysis of kerosene at varying initial concentrations allowed the kinetics of kerosene to be fitted with the Grau model, which was closer than that with the zero order, first order, or second order kinetic models. The experimental study showed that the barley plant designed in a subsu
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A phytoremediation experiment was carried out with kerosene as a model for total petroleum hydrocarbons. A constructed wetland of barley was exposed to kerosene pollutants at varying concentrations (1, 2, and 3% v/v) in a subsurface flow (SSF) system. After a period of 42 days of exposure, it was found that the average ability to eliminate kerosene ranged from 56.5% to 61.2%, with the highest removal obtained at a kerosene concentration of 1% v/v. The analysis of kerosene at varying initial concentrations allowed the kinetics of kerosene to be fitted with the Grau model, which was closer than that with the zero order, first order, or second order kinetic models. The experimental study showed that the barley plant designed in a subsu
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This study deals with the topic time of transmission of loose international sales، which is defined by the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods as "passing of risk"
As a basis for "the transfer of liability from the seller's custody to the buyer's guarantee. This expression was adopted by the legislator from the Islamic jurisprudence, which is in an acceptance interview in the real estate legislation. The arrest does not require that the actual possession of the goods has actually been done by the buyer. On the face of the buyer can be caught without a hail, and the Iraqi Trade Law No. 30 Of 1984, the provisions of the Transfer of Liability in International Sale were codified، and its provisions were quoted from
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The study addressed the water ecosystems of the marshes of Maysan Governorate as one of the important areas in Iraq in terms of the environmental, economic and tourism aspects. This area was exposed to great environmental changes due to natural and human factors which greatly affected the water ecosystem and made the area susceptible to many problems that affected the biological life of living organisms. The marshes of Maysan Governorate was affected by vital factors and non-vital factors. The marshes of Maysan Governorate was characterized by the UN Organization as one of the most important centers of biodiversity in the world because of the abundance of different and rare living organisms such as birds, fish, and reptiles as well as the e
... Show MoreX-ray phase analysis was used to analyse the composition of Pb8Na(2±x)(PO4)6 (lead-sodium apatite structure) with different X values (X values refer to changes in the excess or lack of sodium (2±X) in the apatite structure): -0.15, -0.10, -0.05, 0.00, +0.05, +0.10, and +0.15. The ceramic method (solid-state reaction) was used to synthesize all samples at a temperature of 800 °C. Many programs, such as match software (v.3), PDF-4 database (ICCD), and database PDF-4 (ASTM), were used to study the single phases. The least-squares method was used to calculate the unit cell parameters. Results have shown that the following compositions: Pb8Na2(PO4)6<
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Preparatory works consist of all the documents preceding the conclusion of a treaty such as minutes of conferences, drafts of the treaty under negotiation and all materials which culminated in the formal conclusion of a treaty.
Article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties states the general rule of interpretation include The basic rules of interpretation. Article 32 of the convention allowed the resort to the preparatory works as a Complementary mean.
This study deals with this method to clarify its Position between other means of interpretation, In jurisprudence and recourse to it by the International Court of Justice.
Drilling fluid properties and formulation play a fundamental role in drilling operations. The Classical water-based muds prepared from only the Syrian clay and water without any additives((Organic and industrial polymers) are generally poor in performance. Moreover, The high quantity of Syrian clay (120 gr / l) used in preparing drilling fluids. It leads to a decrease in the drilling speed and thus an increase in the time required to complete the drilling of the well. As a result, the total cost of drilling the well increased, as a result of an increase in the concentration of the solid part in the drilling fluid. In this context, our study focuses on the investigation of the improvement in drilling mud Prepa
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The Behavioral Disorders of Primary School pupils the son of Alcohol and Non Alcoholic
The formation of the identity of the ego associates with adolescence and the beginnings of youth, where represents the basic requirement for growth. This stage reflects a turning point towards the necessary autonomy for the growth of normal in adulthood that needs the ego growth from his point of view to pass eight consecutive stages of the individual faces in each particular crisis. It is determined by its growth path depending on the nature of solved positively or negatively, influenced by several factors: biological, social, cultural, personal, and a dogmatic obstacle to personal thinking which refers to the kind of sclerotic thought a bigot to the inside of obsolete beliefs refuse to discuss and consider. The final idea is debatable
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