both strongly associated with vascular and metabolic complications. Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a key role in vascular tone regulation and endothelial function. Objective: To evaluate serum Endothelin-1 levels, lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides), and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension compared with healthy controls, in order to assess their association with vascular injury and metabolic risk. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad. Between November 2024 and February 2025, a sample of patients were recruited from Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Ibn Al-Bitar Center for Cardiac Surgery Hospital. A study on 180 adult males (aged 40–50 years), divided into three groups: 60 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Group A), 60 with essential hypertension (Group B), and 60 healthy controls (Group C). Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for measurement of HbA1c, lipid profile, and Endothelin-1 using a Sandwich-ELISA kit. Results: Significant differences were observed among the three groups. Group A showed markedly higher HbA1c, triglycerides, and VLDL-C, along with significantly lower HDL-C compared with Groups B and C. Both Groups A and B had significantly elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C compared with controls. Endothelin-1 levels were significantly higher in diabetics than in hypertensive patients and controls. Conclusion: Both diabetes and hypertension impair metabolic health, with diabetes showing more severe effects on lipid metabolism and glycemic control. Elevated endothelin-1 levels in diabetics may contribute to increased vascular risk, highlighting the need for early metabolic monitoring and intervention.
Regression models are one of the most important models used in modern studies, especially research and health studies because of the important results they achieve. Two regression models were used: Poisson Regression Model and Conway-Max Well- Poisson), where this study aimed to make a comparison between the two models and choose the best one between them using the simulation method and at different sample sizes (n = 25,50,100) and with repetitions (r = 1000). The Matlab program was adopted.) to conduct a simulation experiment, where the results showed the superiority of the Poisson model through the mean square error criterion (MSE) and also through the Akaiki criterion (AIC) for the same distribution.
Paper type:
... Show MoreA comparison study was made for the reaction of triruthenium carbonyl Ru3(CO)12 with azoarene ArN=NAr . This reaction was monitored in two kinds of solvents , toluene , and n- octane , which yielded new triruthenium carbonyl complex Ru3(μ3-NAr)2(CO)9 . The reactions of azoarenes ArN=NAr with Ru3(CO)12 formed the following trinuclear compound of Ru3((μ3- NAr)2(CO)9 (Ar-C6H4Br-4) in law yield . In addition , to new isomers species of mononuclear cyclometallated of Ru(BrC6H4N-NC6H4NBr-4)2(CO)2 in different percentages . The mechanism of the reaction domenstrates that the formation of trinuclear bis arylimido complexes , and ortho metallated was , the result of cleavage of nitrogen –nitrogen bond . Monitoring this gave evidence that the rea
... Show MoreClassifying an overlapping object is one of the main challenges faced by researchers who work in object detection and recognition. Most of the available algorithms that have been developed are only able to classify or recognize objects which are either individually separated from each other or a single object in a scene(s), but not overlapping kitchen utensil objects. In this project, Faster R-CNN and YOLOv5 algorithms were proposed to detect and classify an overlapping object in a kitchen area. The YOLOv5 and Faster R-CNN were applied to overlapping objects where the filter or kernel that are expected to be able to separate the overlapping object in the dedicated layer of applying models. A kitchen utensil benchmark image database and
... Show MoreAbstract
The methods of the Principal Components and Partial Least Squares can be regard very important methods in the regression analysis, whe
... Show MoreRouting protocols are responsible for providing reliable communication between the source and destination nodes. The performance of these protocols in the ad hoc network family is influenced by several factors such as mobility model, traffic load, transmission range, and the number of mobile nodes which represents a great issue. Several simulation studies have explored routing protocol with performance parameters, but few relate to various protocols concerning routing and Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. This paper presents a simulation-based comparison of proactive, reactive, and multipath routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Specifically, the performance of AODV, DSDV, and AOMDV protocols are evaluated and analyz
... Show MoreIn this paper, we derived an estimator of reliability function for Laplace distribution with two parameters using Bayes method with square error loss function, Jeffery’s formula and conditional probability random variable of observation. The main objective of this study is to find the efficiency of the derived Bayesian estimator compared to the maximum likelihood of this function and moment method using simulation technique by Monte Carlo method under different Laplace distribution parameters and sample sizes. The consequences have shown that Bayes estimator has been more efficient than the maximum likelihood estimator and moment estimator in all samples sizes
Software-defined networking (SDN) presents novel security and privacy risks, including distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. In response to these threats, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have emerged as effective approaches for quickly identifying and mitigating anomalies. To this end, this research employs various classification methods, including support vector machines (SVMs), K-nearest neighbors (KNNs), decision trees (DTs), multiple layer perceptron (MLP), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and compares their performance. CNN exhibits the highest train accuracy at 97.808%, yet the lowest prediction accuracy at 90.08%. In contrast, SVM demonstrates the highest prediction accuracy of 95.5%. As such, an
... Show MoreAbu Firas al- Hamdani is one of the most prominent abbasid poets Who characterized their poetry with high artistic quality especially in his Romyate which blended the quality of feelings of grief, sorrow, longing and nostalgia that makes sensitive self conflict that stems with time from one hand and with place on the other hand. Because we are dealing with a poet lived west spatial coercive which it has been hurt him within a time conflict swinging between despair and some times patience and hope other times between the present and his painful reality also between the past and the beautiful times.
This researcher is to stand on this Romyat by monitoring effectiveness of the poetic text based on conflict between the presenc
The use of different materials in the art of ceramics is considered a new form of contemporary philosophical trends. That was introduced to art as a result of societal changes and transformations and rapid technological development. And it plays a very essential part in the beauty of the artistic structure. The contrast of using different materials in ceramics is considered a part of the old historical achievements since the art of ceramics used to follow strict standards. Which does not apply to contemporary ceramic, Because recently, it has become free from any religious and social control and created a whole new intellectual context, heading to new horizons in which it works with the newly added materials as a strategy to ensure the a
... Show MoreThe advertisement is important in maximizing the resources of journalistic institutions. It helps them to perform their duties and also establishes their independence. However, this type of communication has often overlapped with other types of communication, including media and publicity.
Those in charge of the press bear responsibility in this regard, as some of them harness the advertisement for personal purposes; or detrimental to media content. Many communication authorities have drawn attention to the danger of confusing the concepts and levels of the three activities and have moved towards establishing rules to reduce overlap between them.
The aim of this research is to try to disengage the concept of advertising,
... Show More