ندى جعفر محمدحسن
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Nada Jafer Radhi
PhD
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assistant professor
College of Dentistry
,
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
[email protected]
Publication Date
Sat Dec 15 2018
Oral cleanness and periodontal health status among coffee-shop workers in Najaf city / Iraq
Background: Water-pipe can be defined as a single or multi stemmed device that used to vaporize and smoke flavored tobacco whose smoke is passed via water vase before inhalation. Water-pipe smokers are at risk of exposure to many toxic chemicals that are not filtered by water, as well as risk of infectious diseases when the mouth piece of the water-pipe is shared. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of water pipe on the oral health. Materials and Methods: Sixty persons were included in this study aged between 22 and 23 years. Forty persons were coffee shop workers for at least five years, half of them were water-pipe smokers (active smokers) and the other weren’t smokers (passive smoker), the last group was the co
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